Many large U.S. cities are in deep financial trouble. Here's why (2024)

Municipal governments across the United States are looking to rein in spending as pandemic-era stimulus dries up and inflation lingers for longer than expected.

"Clearly there are significant capital needs across the U.S.," said Michael Rinaldi, senior director at Fitch Ratings' public finance group. The group issued a AA investment grade general obligation bond rating for New York City in March 2024.

The financial challenges within cities appear to be mounting despite high municipal credit ratings and robust demand for urban commodities like housing. For example, New York City had a total public debt of $177.6 billion at the end of fiscal year 2022, according to researchers at Truth in Accounting, a nonprofit that partners with the University of Denver to promote transparency in public accounting. That translates into a per capita taxpayer burden of $61,200, according to the group's analysis.

That estimate comes in higher than the one quoted by New York City Comptroller Brad Lander, who says the Big Apple has a public debt burden of roughly $96 billion in 2024 — about $30 billion shy of the city's debt limit.

The discrepancy, according to Truth in Accounting, comes from pension debt obligations that are underreported and will eventually be pushed on to future taxpayers. "If I don't pay that invoice, I don't have to include it in my balanced budget," said Sheila Weinberg, the group's founder and CEO.

Truth in Accounting estimates that 53 of the largest cities in the U.S. were not generating enough revenue to pay their bills at the end of fiscal year 2022. The list also highlights fiscal challenges facing cities likeChicago, Houston and Portland, Oregon.

"I think we can all agree that we're broke," said Houston Mayor John Whitmire in a March 2024 City Council budget hearing.

Truth in Accounting believes that underfunded pension obligations and retiree health benefits are straining municipal governments nationwide. Detroit's 2013 municipal bankruptcy was a potent example of the potential effect when the city temporarily suspended pension payments to pump more cash into reserves.

"I believe this is a big problem throughout the country," said Weinberg. "The voters think, oh, they must be living within their means. And they're not."

Weinberg told CNBC that cities and state governments are, in effect, spending tomorrow's money today in unsustainable fashion.

Meanwhile, in the case of New York City, leaders remain optimistic about future returns.

"We've got to be careful because you don't want to get into too much debt," said Lander, the city comptroller, while referencing the trade-offs between bond/debt-powered spending and other revenue raising measures like tax increases.

Lander in 2024 voiced support for a $12 billion expansion of New York City's debt limit to fund existing city services like community colleges and the police department, alongside an expansionary capital program in the face of issues such as the climate crisis.

"You have to make hard choices in budgeting. But it really is important not to be penny wise and pound foolish," said Lander in an interview with CNBC.

In the meantime, rising debts may lead to dirtier streets, fewer public services and tough decisions from public officials to make ends meet.In New York City, Mayor Eric Adams has introduced a "Program to Eliminate the Gap" which called for three separate 5% city program spending cuts that will affect services including sanitation, library access, public education, stewardships of jails and more.

"To the extent that [New York City] can't issue debt to finance a portion of their capital plan, that could mean ​unsafe school conditions, overcrowding and other issues," said Rinaldi at Fitch Ratings.

In the spring of 2024, Adams walked back from portions of his spending cuts proposal, citing unexpectedly strong economic performance within the city.

"But we're not of out the woods," he in a January 2024 press conference, noting that further steps must be taken to ensure the city's finances remain sound.

Watch the video above to see why so many local governments in the U.S. have financial issues.

Many large U.S. cities are in deep financial trouble. Here's why (2024)

FAQs

Why are so many US cities in financial trouble? ›

Spending cuts are occurring across many U.S. cities as inflation lingers and pandemic-era stimulus dries up. At least 53 major cities have debt obligations that outstrip assets, according to an estimate from Truth in Accounting.

Is the United States in financial trouble? ›

Image. Our fiscal health is declining in large part because of rapidly growing debt levels relative to the size of the U.S. economy. Large annual budget deficits drive debt growth, as the government borrows to finance spending that exceeds revenues. For example, the federal budget deficit in FY 2023 was $1.7 trillion.

What city in the US has the most debt? ›

With an average debt per person of $26,636, Denver ranks as the most indebted city in America, according to data collected by Experian. (That number excludes mortgages.)

What are the financial sinkhole cities? ›

Using 2022 financial report numbers, the five bottom sinkhole cities, those with the highest Taxpayer Burden, were Portland, Philadelphia, Honolulu, Chicago, and New York.

What is the fastest declining city in the US? ›

18 Fastest-Declining Cities in the US
  • Monterey Park, California. Percentage Change in Population: -3.83% ...
  • South San Francisco, California. Percentage Change in Population: -3.99% ...
  • Sandy City, Utah. ...
  • Union City, New Jersey. ...
  • Lynwood, California. ...
  • Taylorsville, Utah. ...
  • San Mateo, California. ...
  • Union City, California.
Feb 20, 2024

What city has the strongest economy in the US? ›

New York-Newark-Jersey

Can the US pay off its debt? ›

Eliminating the U.S. government's debt is a Herculean task that could take decades. In addition to obvious steps, such as hiking taxes and slashing spending, the government could take a number of other approaches, some of them unorthodox and even controversial.

Who does the US owe debt to? ›

The US government owes trillions of dollars in debt to foreign entities, including governments, central banks, companies, and individual investors. This debt includes US Treasury bonds and other securities, which are popular as they are considered safe investments.

How much does the US owe China? ›

China is one of the United States's largest creditors, owning about $859.4 billion in U.S. debt. It doesn't own the most U.S. debt of any foreign country, however. Nations borrowing from each other may be as old as the concept of money.

Which single person has the most debt? ›

He is ... the most indebted man in the world. Jérôme Kerviel is learning one of life's harsher lessons: It stinks to be $6.3 billion in debt.

What state is in the worst debt? ›

U.S. state and local government outstanding debt 2021, by state. In 2021, the federal state of California had about 541.24 billion U.S. dollars of debt outstanding, the most out of any state. New York, Texas, Illinois, and Florida rounded out the top five states with the most debt outstanding in 2021.

Who are the top 4 owners of US debt? ›

Top Foreign Owners of US National Debt
  • Japan. $1.12T. 13.61%
  • China. $780.2B. 9.5%
  • United Kingdom. $741.5B. 9.03%
  • Luxembourg. $384.2B. 4.68%
  • Canada. $374.8B. 4.56%

Which state is most likely to have a sinkhole? ›

If there is not enough support for the land above the spaces, then a sudden collapse of the land surface can occur." "The most damage from sinkholes tends to occur in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania."

Which states are solvent? ›

  • Wyoming. #1 in Fiscal Stability. #12 in Best States Overall. ...
  • North Dakota. #2 in Fiscal Stability. #15 in Best States Overall. ...
  • Nebraska. #3 in Fiscal Stability. ...
  • Delaware. #4 in Fiscal Stability. ...
  • Tennessee. #5 in Fiscal Stability. ...
  • Utah. #6 in Fiscal Stability. ...
  • Minnesota. #7 in Fiscal Stability. ...
  • Texas. #8 in Fiscal Stability.

What state has the biggest sinkhole? ›

Alabama claims to have the largest recent collapse sinkhole. It is called the “Golly Hole” and is located in Shelby County in the central part of the state. It collapsed suddenly in 1972. The sinkhole is about 325 feet long, 300 feet wide, and 120 feet deep.

Why are American cities declining? ›

Suburbanization in tandem with deindustrialization, human migration, and the 2008 Great Recession all contribute to origins of shrinking cities in the U.S. Scholars estimate that one in six to one in four cities worldwide are shrinking in countries with expanding economies and those with deindustrialization.

Why are US cities so run down? ›

Urban decay is often the result of inter-related socio-economic issues, including urban planning decisions, economic deprivation of the local populace, the construction of freeways and railroad lines that bypass or run through the area, depopulation by suburbanization of peripheral lands, real estate neighborhood ...

Why Americans are leaving big cities? ›

But the latest U.S. Census Bureau figures show the revival was short-lived. Americans have continued to flee large metro areas in massive numbers as the remote work shift sparked by the pandemic becomes entrenched and the allure of more affordable midsize cities and smaller towns grows.

What are the main reasons Americans have financial problems? ›

Make sure you check out the linked resources that could help you prevent and/or eliminate a specific financial stressor.
  • Too much debt/Not enough money to pay debts. ...
  • Lack of money/Low wages. ...
  • College expenses. ...
  • Cost of owning/Renting a home. ...
  • High cost of living/Inflation. ...
  • Retirement savings. ...
  • Taxes. ...
  • Unemployment/Loss of Job.

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