What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (2024)

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Trophy Hunting

Trophy hunting is a controversial and brutal hunting practice in which hunters pay to kill wild animals, predominantly for "fun" – for the trophy. Parts of the animal, usually the head, are kept by the hunter. Trophy hunting targets animals in the wild as well as in captive facilities in the form of canned hunts.

Trophy hunting is bolstered by the persistent myths that it is a sustainable conservation tool and that it generates significant income for conservation. Born Free USA rejects these arguments and instead promotes compassionate solutions to conservation challenges.

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What Is Wrong with Trophy Hunting?

In 2015, the world was outraged by the killing of Cecil the lion by an American trophy hunter. Cecil’s death – and the death of his son, Xanda, also by a trophy hunter—sparked a worldwide debate about the brutality of this practice. Only one in five Americans supports trophy hunting. The majority of Americans believe it is an outdated and brutal sport without any conservation benefits. And, opposition to trophy hunting is not a partisan issue; people from across the political spectrum oppose.

Trophy Hunting Often Targets Already Vulnerable Species.

Trophy hunters target many species, but the most iconic and expensive species to hunt are known as the Big Five: the lion, elephant, leopard, rhinoceros (both black and white), and Cape buffalo. Many of these species are already in crisis. For instance, as few as 20,000 lions remain in the wild and tens of thousands of elephants are poached for their ivory each year. Wild rhino numbers in Africa are around 25,000, and more than 1,000 per year lose their lives to illegal killing in South Africa alone. Trophy hunting exacerbates these problems and puts additional pressure on already vulnerable species.

The Economic Benefits of Trophy Hunting Are Overstated.

Trophy hunting proponents argue that trophy hunting creates vast economic opportunities in places where hunts take place. In truth, these figures are grossly misstated and only a tiny portion (around 3% of revenue) is invested back into local communities for welfare, education, and other programs.

Trophy Hunting May Lead to Other Cruel Practices.

The demand for animal trophies has led to another cruel practice: canned hunting.
Canned hunts are private or commercial trophy hunts in which animals are raised and released into a confined area to be hunted. Hunters usually pay the ranch operator for a guaranteed successful hunt, which often involves targeting animals who are caged, lured to feeding stations, or drugged before they are killed.

The canned hunting industry has, in turn, led to the development of captive breeding of wild animals solely to be used in hunts.

Canned hunting takes place across the globe, including in the United States, which has around 1,000 such facilities containing thousands of wild animals destined to be slaughtered.

Learn more about canned hunting and captive breeding »

The U.S. Plays a Major Role in Trophy Hunting.

Between 2005 and 2014, more than 1.26 million wildlife trophies from more than 1,200 species were imported to the United States, including around 5,600 African lions, 4,600 African elephants, 4,500 African leopards, 330 southern white rhinos, and 17,200 African buffalo. The U.S. is also the importer of trophies of CITES-listed species, importing more items than the next nine highest nations combined.

Trophy hunting is facilitated by the U.S. government, which issues trophy import permits and, since 2018, the government has taken steps to promote the practice. On March 1, 2018, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) issued a memorandum withdrawing its earlier findings as to whether the trophy hunting of certain species from parts of Africa enhanced the survival of those species. Going forward, USFWS decisions to issue individual permits for trophy hunting imports will be done on a case-by-case basis, likely resulting in trophy hunting permits being freely granted.

In 2017, the DOI also established the International Wildlife Conservation Council. The Council was comprised almost exclusively of representatives of pro-hunting interests and was tasked with advising the DOI on the benefits of Americans going abroad to hunt. While the Council was dissolved in 2020, trophy hunting remains current and ongoing wildlife concern.

What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (1)
What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (2)
What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (3)

Trophy Hunting Infographics

View and share our trophy hunting graphics, which break down the persistent myths surrounding trophy hunting.

Trophy Hunting Negatively Impacts Endangered Species

Trophy hunting just another deadly pressure on already threatened species.

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The U.S. Plays a Major Role in Trophy Hunting

The United States is the world's biggest importer of wildlife trophies.

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The Circle of Death on South Africa's Lion Farms

Lives of exploitation from birth to brutal death.

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The Economic Benefits of Trophy Hunting Are Grossly Misstated

No help to local communities.

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Trophy Hunting Does Not FulFill Compassionate Conservation Goals

Trophy hunting falls far short.

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Take Action against Trophy Hunting

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Trophy Hunting Webinar

What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (4)

Trophy Hunting: Killing Is Not Conservation

On Wednesday, July 22, 2020, Born Free USA hosted Trophy Hunting: Killing Is Not Conservation, a webinar on trophy hunting. Born Free USA CEO, Angela Grimes, hosted a conversation with experts from around the world: Eduardo Gonçalves, Founder of Campaign to Ban Trophy Hunting (U.K.); Dr. Mark Jones, Head of Policy at Born Free Foundation (U.K.); Jennifer Place, Pike Associates, LLC (U.S.); and Dr. Liz Tyson, Born Free USA Programs Director (U.S.). Panelists discussed why trophy hunting is unsustainable, the cruelty of canned hunting, the status of work to end this terrible practice both in the U.S. and internationally, legislative efforts in the U.S., and more.

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More Resources

What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (5)

Trophy Hunting: Busting the Myths and Exposing the Cruelty

This report, published by Born Free in July 2019, challenges many of the myths that persist about the supposed “benefits” of trophy hunting and exposes trophy hunting for what it truly is: a cruel practice that neither significantly benefits wildlife conservation efforts nor provides vast economic opportunities for local communities in the places where hunts take place.

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What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (6)

The Trophy Hunting Debate

Trophy hunters claim that trophy hunting aids in wildlife conservation efforts, contributes greatly to national economies, and helps support local communities. These claims are deeply controversial. In truth, trophy hunting does little to nothing in terms of wildlife conservation, contributing to national economies, or supporting local communities.

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What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (7)

Trophy Hunting Timeline

In 2014, the Obama Administration banned the import of legally-hunted elephant remains from Zimbabwe and Zambia, noting the lack of information to support that trophy hunts help conserve species. Recently, however, the U.S. Government has taken concerning steps and made inconsistent statements to suggest that it may reverse these and other bans, and encourage international trophy hunts.

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What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (8)

Report: Economics of Trophy Hunting in Africa Are Overrated and Overstated

This 2013 trophy hunting report details the true economics of trophy hunting in Africa and reveals that very little of the revenue generated by trophy hunting is invested in conservation efforts or back into local communities.

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What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (9)

Paper: Effects of Trophy Hunting on Lion and Leopard Populations in Tanzania

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What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (10)

House Natural Resources Committee Democrats' "Missing the Mark" Report on Trophy Hunting (2017)

What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (11)

World of Animals: "Trophy Hunting: The Bad, The Ugly... and the Good?"

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What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA (2024)

FAQs

What's Wrong with Trophy Hunting? | Born Free USA? ›

Trophy Hunting May Lead to Other Cruel Practices.

What is the pro trophy hunting argument? ›

The Pro Hunting Argument

Most trophy hunters will argue that hunting the likes of elephants, lions, and rhinos helps the wheel of conservation. The major argument is that the money made from hunting goes right back in to conservation efforts by allowing the large amounts of land to remain free of human development.

What is the solution to trophy hunting? ›

The solution is to let the hunting occur on private land that is also run by a private company. If the land is run privately, there is a greater and, more importantly, a direct incentive to protect the animals. An example of where governments fail in their approach to trophy hunting is lions.

Why is exotic game hunting controversial? ›

Another problem with hunting involves the introduction of exotic “game” animals who, if they're able to escape and thrive, pose a threat to native wildlife and established ecosystems. Most hunting occurs on private land, where laws that protect wildlife are often inapplicable or difficult to enforce.

Is trophy hunting legal in the USA? ›

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) regulates trophy hunting, in part, by issuing permits to import trophies of species that are listed as threatened or endangered under ESA. creating an independent third-party certification system to evaluate trophy hunting operations.

What is the problem with trophy hunting? ›

Trophy hunting is not only unethical treatment and killing of animals; it can also harm conservation efforts by exacerbating direct and indirect threats facing many imperiled species.

Where does trophy hunting money go? ›

Studies have determined that only 3 percent of funds from trophy hunting reaches the rural communities where the hunting occurs. Middlemen, and large companies and organizations, take the majority share of sport hunting proceeds. In reality, the last thing on the minds of trophy hunters is conservation.

What is the alternative to trophy hunting? ›

Photographic safaris can be a positive alternative to trophy hunting. Shooting an animal with a camera, rather than a gun will not only save that animal's life, but enable it to continue to generate funds through photographic tourism for years to come.

Who benefits from trophy hunting? ›

A much more likely benefit of trophy hunting in places like Africa is that it serves as the impetus for private landowners to maintain large swaths of land in a semi-natural or natural state, thereby providing habitat for potentially thousands of species of insects, plants, small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Which country has the most trophy hunting? ›

This report reveals that American hunters are the world's leading consumers of hunting trophies of internationally regulated mammal species, having imported 75% of the global total between 2014 and 2018.

Do trophy hunters eat the meat? ›

Despite the notion that trophy hunting consists of shooting an animal and cutting its head off to mount on a wall. Regardless of what type of hunting you claim you are doing, no edible meat can legally be wasted. Both forms of hunting have the same outcome: the animal ends up being eaten.

Does trophy hunting really help conservation? ›

The high cost of regulating hunting means that it is unlikely that there is a net funding contribution from trophy hunters to wildlife conservation. In short, rather than being the source of conservation funding, trophy hunters appear to the beneficiaries of wildlife conservation that is funded by others.

Is trophy hunting the same as poaching? ›

Poaching vs. trophy hunting. Poaching and trophy hunting are very different wildlife practices that often become confused as the same thing. While poaching is illegal harvesting that is severely damaging to wildlife populations, trophy hunting is sanctioned under a required official permit provided by the government.

What animal is hunted the most? ›

Pangolins are one of the most hunted and valued animals on the market because of their believed powers. Pangolins are increasingly considered a delicacy in China and Vietnam.

What do trophy hunters do with the animals? ›

Trophy hunting is the hunting of wild animals for sport, not for food. Usually, the animal is stuffed or a body part is kept for display. Most trophy hunters come from rich countries and pay high fees for their hunts. Many hunters claim that trophy hunting isn't bad for animals.

What is being poached? ›

Poaching is the illegal trafficking and killing of wildlife. Sometimes animal or plant parts are sold as trophies or “folk medicines” and sometimes they are sold as pets or houseplants. With more tigers kept captive than living wild, the scope of poaching can not be overstated.

What are the pros of trophy hunting? ›

Trophy hunting has long been used to control predator populations (e.g. cougars and wolves in the US). In most species, sport hunting can only threaten the future of a population when loss of males is so high that females can no longer find mates.

What is the justification for trophy hunting? ›

Is trophy hunting acceptable when well managed because it can generate significant economic incentives for the conservation of species and their habitats outside of protected areas and the local population? Yes. Those well managed habitats benefit every animal that lives there, not just the targeted trophy.

What is the moral argument for hunting? ›

Hunters argue that killing the deer is better than letting them starve to death. Hunters argue that hunting is a tradition, a ritual or a bonding experience. Regarding ethics, hunting proponents argue that killing a deer for food cannot be worse than killing a cow or a chicken.

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