What do IBM, Walmart, JPMorgan Chase, and DuPont have in common? Although they are in different sectors, they are all known as blue chip companies. Blue chip companies are the mature firms that represent the stalwarts of an industry. These stable, profitable, and long-lasting companies are considered relatively safe investments.
Key Takeaways
- Blue chip companies are stable, profitable companies that are seen as safe investments in their industries.
- The term "blue chip" comes from the game of poker, where blue chips are the highest-value pieces.
- A company must be well-known, well-established, and well-capitalized to be a blue chip.
- Membership in certain stock indexes is important for determining blue chip status.
What Blue Chip Means
The term "blue chip" originates with the game of high-stakes poker. In poker, gambling chips represent differing dollar values based on their color. White chips are often the least valuable, maybe representing just $1 per chip. Red chips are usually next in line, perhaps worth $5 each. The color blue signifies the chip that has the highest value on the table.
This term was taken from the poker world and put to use as stock market terminology. Blue chip stocks are considered some of the best and safest investments available. They are seen as leaders in their industries that have remained stable and profitable over their long histories.
Characteristics of a Blue Chip Company
Blue chip companies are usually better prepared to survive during economic downturns due to their consistent revenues and stable growth over time. They are often household names known to the general public, rather than just investors or enthusiasts.
In the investment world, a blue chip company has three traits. A blue chip company is:
- Well-known
- Well-established
- Well-capitalized
Such a company is considered to be a leading company in its sector and produces dominant goods or services. A company may demonstrate one or more of these characteristics but still not be considered a blue chip company if it doesn't show all three.
Well-Established
Many well-known and well-capitalized companies are not yet well-established enough to qualify as blue chips. These firms are often involved with new technologies.
For instance, Facebook (now Meta), had 2.11 billion daily active users at the end of 2023, making it one of the best-known companies on the planet. Facebook also reached a market capitalization of over $1.168 trillion by January 2024, which means it is well-capitalized. However, Facebook didn't even exist until 2004, so it is not well-established enough to be a blue chip company.
Since it was not well-established, Facebook was more likely to be displaced by competitors, broken up by regulators, or fall victim to some other unanticipated disaster.
Blue chip stocks are seen as safer investments than other stocks because of their long histories. These companies have been around long enough, and through so many different economic conditions, that they are likely to weather future changes as well.
During recessionary periods, a blue chip company is often less impacted by adverse economic conditions. For example, Coca-Cola is a blue chip company that might not suffer from a recession because many choose to drink its products, regardless of economic conditions.
Blue chip companies have generally demonstrated stable growth rates throughout their history. So, their stocks are considered to have less volatility than other companies that are not well-established. Nevertheless, shares of any company can take a hit and lose their blue chip status.
Well-Capitalized
A blue chip firm must also be well-capitalized in at least two ways. First, it must be large enough to make it through a downturn, as noted earlier. The market capitalization of a blue chip company is usually in the billions of dollars. Secondly, a company must have a sufficiently high credit rating to qualify as a blue chip. In particular, the downgrading of a company's debt to junk bond status is sufficient to disqualify it from being a blue chip.
Some companies meet the well-known and well-established criteria but are not well-capitalized enough to be blue chips. These are usually older firms that have fallen on hard times. In 2020, several very well-known and well-established retailers were in this unfortunate category. Sears and JCPenney were both household names with well-established businesses stretching back over a century. However, they fell far short of being well-capitalized enough to be blue chip companies due to years of decline.
The Role of Stock Indexes
A blue chip stock is the stock of a blue chip company. If a stock is considered blue chip, it is generally the market leader or one of the top performers in its sector. Typically, a blue chip stock is a component of major stock market averages and indexes, such as the in the United States. It could even be argued that a U.S. stock must be a member of the S&P 500 to be a blue chip.
Generally, a stock is considered a blue chip if it enters the Dow Jones Industrial Average. For example, Apple earned blue chip status when it joined the Dow in 2015. The Dow consists of thirty U.S.-based blue chip companies.
What Are Some Blue Chip Companies?
Some examples of blue chip stocks are Coca Cola, Apple, IBM, American Express, McDonalds, DuPont, and American Express.
How Do I Invest in Blue Chip Stocks?
Investors can buy individual stocks in blue chip companies through a brokerage. Investors can also buy shares in an ETF or mutual fund that focuses on blue chip stocks. For example, a fund that tracks the Dow Jones Industrial Average would be a way to invest in blue chip companies.
Do Blue Chip Stocks Pay Dividends?
Many blue chip stocks pay dividends, which is another benefit of investing in them. Dividends can provide investors with a reliable, growing source of income. Some blue chip stocks will pay dividends monthly or quarterly; others will pay them only some years.
The Bottom Line
Blue chip companies are considered reliable leaders in their industries and safe, profitable choices for investors. To be considered a blue chip, a company must be well-known, well-established, and well-capitalized. Blue chip companies must have been in business long enough to have weathered many different economic situations, showing that they can remain stable and profitable as circ*mstances around them change.
Representation in certain stock indexes is important for determining whether a stock is a blue chip investment. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an index of 30 of the largest blue chip stocks in the United States.
