Last updated on Feb 26, 2024
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How TCP works
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How TCP connection timeout occurs
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How TCP connection timeout affects network security
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How to prevent TCP connection timeout
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How to troubleshoot TCP connection timeout
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A TCP connection timeout is a situation where a network device or application stops waiting for a response from a remote host after a certain period of time. It can happen for various reasons, such as network congestion, packet loss, firewall rules, or malicious attacks. In this article, you will learn what a TCP connection timeout is, how it affects network security, and how to prevent or troubleshoot it.
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- Hemant Ahire Worldwide Principal SA | Consulting Partners COE @ Amazon Web Services (AWS) | Global Cloud Transformations Leader |…
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- ✔️ Eric RACINEUX 👨💻ISM Information System Manager (IT) 🌀 - MRE : Marine Renewable Energy🐟 - On site test platform 🌎 324,0 ppm
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1 How TCP works
TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, and it is one of the main protocols used to communicate over the internet. TCP ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data by establishing a connection between two endpoints, dividing the data into segments, assigning sequence numbers and acknowledgments, and retransmitting lost or corrupted segments. TCP also uses a mechanism called sliding window to control the flow and congestion of data.
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A TCP timeout in Operations systems or firmware refers to the time a system waits for a response to be acknowledged before the connection is terminated. The TCP keepalive timeout prevents broken connections from being left open indefinitely and protect our system from TCP SYN attack or TCP session overflow.TCP timeout automatically adjust base on TTL of connection.
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- Serkan Yalcin CyberSecurity | Azure | System and Server Administrator | Network Administrator | Server 2022 | System Hardening
TCP operates like a conversation between computers. It initiates communication, breaks data into segments, performs sequencing and error checking. Through acknowledgment and retransmission mechanisms, it ensures the secure transfer of data, guaranteeing a robust and orderly communication between the involved devices.
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- Mbiko Ngoma Information Technology Officer
A TCP connection timeout basically occurs when a TCP connection is failed to be established within a pre specified time. The time to stop sending connection establishment packets depends on the environment cloud on premise, LAN, WAN etc.
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2 How TCP connection timeout occurs
A TCP connection timeout occurs when one endpoint does not receive an acknowledgment or a segment from the other endpoint within a specified time limit. This time limit is called the retransmission timeout (RTO), and it is dynamically calculated based on the round-trip time (RTT) and the variance of the RTT. The RTO determines how long the sender waits before retransmitting a segment that has not been acknowledged. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment after a certain number of retransmissions, it assumes that the connection is broken and terminates it.
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- Serkan Yalcin CyberSecurity | Azure | System and Server Administrator | Network Administrator | Server 2022 | System Hardening
TCP connection timeout occurs when two devices attempt to establish a connection, but the acknowledgment of the connection request isn't received within a certain timeframe. Imagine it as a virtual handshake – if one device extends its hand to shake, but the other doesn't respond within the expected time, the initiating device assumes something went wrong and decides to give up on the connection. This timeout is crucial for network efficiency, preventing resources from being indefinitely tied up in unsuccessful connection attempts. It's like waiting for a reply to a message – if it takes too long, you might assume something went wrong and move on.
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3 How TCP connection timeout affects network security
A TCP connection timeout can affect network security in several ways. For example, it can cause data loss, performance degradation, or service disruption. It can also indicate a potential security threat, such as a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, or a TCP hijacking attack. A DoS attack can flood the network with malicious traffic and cause legitimate connections to timeout. A MITM attack can intercept and modify the TCP segments and acknowledgments and disrupt the communication. A TCP hijacking attack can take over an existing TCP connection and inject malicious data or commands.
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- ✔️ Eric RACINEUX 👨💻ISM Information System Manager (IT) 🌀 - MRE : Marine Renewable Energy🐟 - On site test platform 🌎 324,0 ppm
Au delà d'une connexion TCP, pour moi, le temps d'ouverture d'une session (HTTP) est proportionnel :A la capacité d'usurpation d'identité type man in the middle. Cela laisse le temps de...A la capacité de raréfaction des ressources type déni de service
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4 How to prevent TCP connection timeout
To prevent TCP connection timeout, you need to ensure that your network devices and applications are configured properly and securely. Encryption and authentication are essential for protecting data and connections from unauthorized access and modification, while firewall rules and filters can be used to block suspicious traffic. Network monitoring and analysis tools can be employed to detect and diagnose network problems, while TCP keepalive messages can maintain idle connections and detect dead peers. Lastly, TCP tuning parameters should be used to optimize the performance and reliability of your connections.
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- Hemant Ahire Worldwide Principal SA | Consulting Partners COE @ Amazon Web Services (AWS) | Global Cloud Transformations Leader | Alliances and Partnerships
TCP connections occur at the Transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model. Configuration of TCP connection timeout can vary depending on if they are on-premises based L2/L3 network devices or stateful firewalls. TCP keep alive is a mechanism defined in RFC 1122 that can keep idle connections alive. The actual connection time-outs can range from 350 seconds on AWS cloud based network appliances such as NAT Gateways, GWLB, NLB, VPC Endpoints to about 7200 seconds (2 hours) on Linux based OS. For example, AWS networking and security best practices recommend deployment of virtual appliance in VPC, PrivateLink to avoid internet exposure. Traditional methods such as access control, encryption, monitoring and feedback loop to reduce attack vectors.
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5 How to troubleshoot TCP connection timeout
Troubleshooting TCP connection timeout requires identifying the root cause and the location of the problem. To do this, you can use ping and traceroute commands to test connectivity and latency between endpoints, netstat and tcpdump commands to check status and details of TCP connections and segments, wireshark or other packet capture tools to analyze TCP traffic and identify errors or anomalies, telnet or other testing tools to simulate and verify TCP communication and behavior, as well as logs and reports to review and correlate events and incidents related to the TCP connection timeout.
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6 Here’s what else to consider
This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?
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Remember: TCP/IP is never invented to make secure connection. The protocol is adopted to the world, but also, through it's way to flow and behaves one of the most vulnerable protocols. But we can not go back unfortunately.
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- D Ritter -dsr-
Here you are, reading a Linked-in AI collaborative essay on TCP connection timeouts.What went wrong in your life?I'm not saying that TCP isn't worth talking about. I'm saying that this is the wrong place for you to be looking for information about timeouts, windows, and the delay-bandwidth product. (Yes, they are all related.)These essays are not written by experts. Well, they might be, but there's no guarantee. L-I doesn't review these for accuracy. They don't even run a spelllling checker over them. This is the wrong place to be looking for the answer.Linked-In is good for two things: networking prior to a new job (or new hire), and talking about business ethics. Ethics turns out to be the subtext of nearly all discussions here.
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