What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (2024)

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    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (6)

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    Reproduction of Lascaux II paintings,Lascaux, France.

    Throughout the twentieth century, scientists discovered a swath of cave paintings, many in western Europe. To date, the known number of decorated sites is around 400, with many of those concentrated in the mountains of France and Spain.

    But more recent discoveries, like a 2019revelation of cave art in Indonesia, believed to be at least 36,000 years old, have altered our understanding of early humans altogether. Because the cave art found in Indonesia shared similarities with the cave art in western Europe—namely, that early people seemed to have a fascination animals, and had a propensity for painting abstractions of those animals in caves—many scientists now believe that the impressive works are evidence of the way the human brain was developing in various, and distant, parts of the world around the same time.

    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (7)

    wikimedia commons

    Possibly the oldest known painting, from the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian island of Borneo, circa 40,000 BCE

    Many of the cave paintings have red and black pigments in common, and it is assumed the reds were achieved with ochre, which is another word for any iron-rich rock that can produce pigment. Red ochre, also known as hematite, or iron oxide—a chemical compound known as Fe203—is the most common and widespread coloring tool associated with cave paintings.

    In fact, a very recent discovery of red ochre in South African caves that is believed to be at least 60,000 years old has once again not only pushed back the possible date that humans were creating art, but it’s also pushed back the date that scientists believe humans were using advanced problem-solving techniques.

    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (8)

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    Indigenous Australian rock art in the later Wandjina style

    As archaeologist Tammy Hodgskiss told Discover Magazine, “People may say ochre is the earliest form of symbolism, but there’s more to it… ochre shows how our brains were developing, and that we were using our environment. It bridges the divide between art and science.”

    Red ochre is also the apparent medium used in art that appears in caves in Western Australia, and is believed to have been created about 50,000 years ago. Again, the fact that humans were living across oceans from one another experimenting with primitive paints lends itself to the idea that art is an innate force within the human species.

    Another common tool that was used to make cave art is charcoal, which is believed to be responsible for many of the drawings that appear in Chauvet Pont d-Arc Cave in France, where the oldest known cave paintings in Europe are located. The charcoal remnants collected in the cave have been carbon traced to the Ice Age, and appear to have been made from burnt pine trees. Because other charcoal made from pine trees has been discovered in various caves that were thought to be used as living spaces during the Ice Age, scientists wonder if these early artists actually had a preference for pine charcoal over other possible sources. It’s also helped scientists reimagine how cold it would’ve been for humans to be forced into these caves as their main living spaces.

    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (9)

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    Prehistoric painting of rhinoceroses in the Chauvet Cave, France,c.35,000 BCE.

    “Pine is a pioneer taxon with an affinity for mountainous environments and survived in refuges during the coldest periods of the last ice age,” wrote scientists who studied the cave in an April April 2018 edition of Antiquity Journal. “As such, it attests, first and foremost, to the harsh climatic conditions that prevailed during the various occupations of the cave.”

    It’s not a new idea that art can tell us a lot about the time period in which it was created. From ancient civilizations in places like Egypt, to the relatively modern Renaissance works in Italy, works of art have always informed modern humans as to the way their ancestors lived. In this way, cave paintings, and the way they were made, are no different.

    About the Author

    Charlie Pogacar

    Charlie Pogacar is the Custom Content Associate Editor at Journalistic, Inc. He lives in North Carolina with his wife, Abby, and boxer pup, Frankie.

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    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object (2024)

    FAQs

    What Does Cave Art Tell Us About Early Humans? | Art & Object? ›

    Because the cave art

    cave art
    It has been dated using the uranium-thorium method to older than 64,000 years and was made by a Neanderthal. The oldest date given to an animal cave painting is now a depiction of several human figures hunting pigs in the caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, dated to be over 43,900 years old.
    https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Cave_painting
    found in Indonesia shared similarities with the cave art in western Europe—namely, that early people seemed to have a fascination animals, and had a propensity for painting abstractions of those animals in caves—many scientists now believe that the impressive works are evidence of the way the human ...

    What does cave art tell us about early humans? ›

    Cave art is a symbolic representation of codes produced by Palaeolithic human thinking. Although this cannot be a definitive conclusion, we can say that parietal art symbolizes the fusion of the Palaeolithic human and animal worlds, whereas today we perceive these two entities as dissociated from each other.

    What do the Lascaux cave paintings tell us about early human life? ›

    The Lascaux cave paintings in southeast France capture the style and subject matter of many of our ancestors' early artistic work. Archeologists interpret these and other discoveries of Ice Age rock art as evidence of the emergence of a new, distinctly human consciousness.

    What did the cave paintings of early humans depict? ›

    Executed mainly in red and white with the occasional use of green and yellow, the paintings depict the lives and times of the people who lived in the caves, including scenes of childbirth, communal dancing and drinking, religious rites and burials, as well as indigenous animals.

    Are cave paintings sources of information about the early human life? ›

    Cave paintings give us information like evidence for planning of hunting and prey by early human beings, early humans collectively engaged in recreational activities, the behavior of early humans.

    What do cave paintings tell us about early humans brainly? ›

    Cave paintings reveal that hunting was an important skill for early civilizations and demonstrate the early humans' capacity to give meaning to their surroundings and communicate with others. These paintings also provide insights into the lives of early civilizations, showing the importance of art in their culture.

    Why is cave art important to us? ›

    The art made during the Paleolithic era is the only document left to us by prehistoric people of their lives. For this reason, it is both vitally important and steeped in mystery, with no written records to accompany or explain it.

    What is the message of the painting cave of Lascaux? ›

    These theories include: The artwork commemorated successful hunts. The cave was used for rituals or ceremonies and the paintings hold spiritual significance. The paintings were a way for humans to make sense of the world around them.

    What the caves of Lascaux suggest about early human history? ›

    Explain what the caves of Lascaux suggest about early human history? The cave paintings illustrate the animals that early people hunted during the Ice Age, suggest that in the early human society, food was sometimes hard to get, but is necessary to survive.

    What art objects were associated with early humans? ›

    From the Upper Paleolithic through to the Mesolithic, cave paintings and portable art such as figurines and beads predominated, with decorative figured workings also seen on some utilitarian objects. In the Neolithic evidence of early pottery appeared, as did sculpture and the construction of megaliths.

    What did cave painting show early humans valued? ›

    They show that some human beings valued art and could have been motivated to create it. The subjects show what was important to them. They often depicted animals such as bison, deer, leopards, bears, bulls, and more. They also showed what the land looked like.

    What do cave paintings reveal about our ancestors? ›

    Cave art may also reflect early humans' intimate relationship with the environment and its creatures. Many of the depicted animals—bison, horses, deer, and others—were crucial for the survival of these early communities, providing food, clothing, and tools.

    Why did early humans live in caves? ›

    Early humans took shelter in caves to survive from the cold, wind and wild animals.

    What do the cave paintings tell us about ancient people? ›

    Images painted, drawn or carved onto rocks and cave walls—which have been found across the globe—reflect one of humans' earliest forms of communication, with possible connections to language development.

    What do cave drawings tell us about early man's culture? ›

    Because the cave art found in Indonesia shared similarities with the cave art in western Europe—namely, that early people seemed to have a fascination animals, and had a propensity for painting abstractions of those animals in caves—many scientists now believe that the impressive works are evidence of the way the human ...

    What does this cave art tell us about how advanced Paleolithic humans were? ›

    Paleolithic cave paintings demonstrate early humans' capacity to give meaning to their surroundings and communicate with others. The most common themes in cave paintings are large wild animals, such as bison, horses, aurochs, and deer.

    Why did early humans use caves? ›

    Starting about 170,000 years ago, some hom*o sapiens lived in some cave systems in what is now South Africa, such as Pinnacle Point and Diepkloof Rock Shelter. The stable temperatures of caves provided a cool habitat in summers and a warm, dry shelter in the winter.

    Why do you think early humans do on the walls of caves? ›

    Early humans painted on cave walls as a way to communicate. They used paintings to tell stories about their lives, such as hunting and gathering. They also used them for religious or spiritual purposes, like to honor or worship animals or the forces of nature.

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