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Hardware-based encryption
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Software-based encryption
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Trade-offs and considerations
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Best practices and tips
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Summary and takeaway
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Here’s what else to consider
Encryption is the process of transforming data into a secure form that can only be accessed by authorized parties. Encryption can be performed by software or hardware, depending on the type and location of the data. In this article, you will learn about the benefits and drawbacks of using hardware-based encryption over software-based encryption, and how to choose the best option for your needs.
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- Rick Allison, CSIS Senior Computer Laboratory Technician / IT Professor at Pasco-Hernando State College
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1 Hardware-based encryption
Hardware-based encryption is when the encryption and decryption operations are performed by a dedicated device, such as a hard drive, a USB flash drive, or a smart card. This type of encryption offers several advantages over software-based encryption, such as faster processing speed, better security, and easier management. Hardware-based encryption is more resistant to malware, tampering, and physical attacks since the encryption keys are stored in a secure chip or module that is not accessible by the operating system or other applications. Plus, it doesn't require installation, configuration, or maintenance of software, and can be used across different platforms and devices without compatibility issues.
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- Lisa W. Experienced Help Desk and Engineer
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I've never heard of hardware-based encryption. What does it look like? Does it work like some backup drives where a button can be pushed to start the encryption?
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- Terry H.
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Before implementing hardware encryption, here are some questions you need to ask yourself:1) Do I need encryption? Do you really need to encrypt serial numbers or initialization parameters? Probably not. 2) Can I get parts from a single supplier or vendor? Since the hardware encryption you choose is probably only available from a single vendor, you may have to redesign your hardware and firmware to implement another solution should you encounter supply shortages. BTW, encryption EEPROMs were impossible to find last year. 3) Will the vendor drop support for your current encryption solution? If your vendor is purchased by a competitor, the competitor may drop all support and may even discontinue production of the hardware you need.
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2 Software-based encryption
Software-based encryption is when the encryption and decryption operations are performed by an application or a program. Compared to hardware-based encryption, software-based encryption has some advantages, like being more cost-efficient, having more flexibility to be customized and configured, and being more available to be applied to any type of data and device. This is because software-based encryption does not require additional hardware or devices, it can support different encryption algorithms and standards, and it can be installed if the software is compatible.
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3 Trade-offs and considerations
When deciding between hardware-based and software-based encryption, there are several factors to consider. Hardware-based encryption is typically more suitable for data that is highly confidential and valuable, such as financial records, personal information or intellectual property. On the other hand, software-based encryption is more suited to data that is less critical and frequently accessed, such as emails, web browsing or media files. Hardware-based encryption, meanwhile, is better for data that's stored on a fixed or portable device, while software-based encryption is more suitable for data that is transmitted over a network or stored on a cloud service. Devices with limited resources or high speed requirements will benefit from hardware-based encryption, while software-based encryption is preferable for devices with ample resources or more functionality.
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4 Best practices and tips
When it comes to encryption, there are a few best practices to follow in order to ensure your data remains secure and intact. Always use strong encryption keys and passwords that are long, complex, and unique. Additionally, they should be changed regularly and stored securely, preferably in a hardware-based device or password manager. Secondly, use reputable encryption software and hardware that is reliable, up-to-date, and certified. Avoid free or unknown encryption software or hardware as they may contain malware, vulnerabilities, or backdoors. Finally, employ multiple layers of encryption for different types of data and devices. For instance, use hardware-based encryption for your hard drive, software-based encryption for your files, and end-to-end encryption for your communication.
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5 Summary and takeaway
Encryption is a vital technique to protect your data from unauthorized access and misuse. Hardware-based encryption and software-based encryption are two common methods to encrypt and decrypt your data, and they have their own benefits and drawbacks. You should consider the type, location, and performance of your data and device when choosing between them, and follow the best practices outlined here to enhance your data security.
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6 Here’s what else to consider
This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?
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- Rick Allison, CSIS Senior Computer Laboratory Technician / IT Professor at Pasco-Hernando State College
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Hardware = firmware in my view. Most hardware sits on the shelf for a while until it is shipped to a retail store or directly from a service provider. By the time the end user puts the product in service the firmware is out of date. Most end users tend not to update the firmware on a timely basis. On the other hand software tends to be upgraded (patch management) on a more periodic basis.
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