| AVOIRDUPOIS OR COMMERCIAL WEIGHT | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 gross or long ton (l. tn.) | = | 2240 pounds |
| 1 net or short ton (sh. tn.) | = | 2000 pounds |
| 1 long hundred weight (l. cwt.) | = | 112 pounds |
| 1 short hundred weight (sh. cwt.) | = | 100 pounds |
| 1 pound (lb.) = 16 ounces (oz.) | = | 7000 grains (gr.) |
| 1 ounce (oz.) = 16 drams (dr.) | = | 437.5 grains |
| APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 pound (lb. ap.) | = | 12 ounces | = | 5760 grains |
| 1 ounce (oz. ap.) | = | 8 drams | = | 480 grains |
| 1 dram (dr. ap.) | = | 3 scruples | = | 60 grains |
| 1 scruple (s. ap.) | = | 20 grains | ||
| METRIC EQUIVALENTS AVOIRDUPOIS OR COMMERCIAL WEIGHT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 long ton | = | 1.016 metric ton | = | 1016 kilograms |
| 1 short tun | = | 0.9072 metric ton | = | 907.2 kilograms |
| 1 pound av. | = | 0.4356 kilograms | = | 453.6 grams |
| 1 ounce av. | = | 28.35 grams (g) | ||
| 1 grain (gr.) | = | 0.0648 gram (g) | ||
| TROY WEIGHT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 pound (lb. t.) | = | 12 ounces | = | 5760 grains |
| 1 ounce (oz. t.) | = | 20 pennyweights | = | 480 grains |
| 1 pennyweight (dwt.) | = | 24 grains | ||
| METRIC WEIGHT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 metric ton (t) | = | 1000 kilograms | ||
| 1 kilogram (or kilo) (kg) | = | 1000 grams | = | 10 hectograms |
| 1 hectogram (hg) | = | 100 grams | = | 10 dekagrams |
| 1 dekagram (dkg) | = | 10 grams | ||
| 1 gram (g) | = | 10 decigrams | ||
| 1 decigram (dg) | = | 10 centigrams | ||
| 1 centigram (cg) | = | 10 milligrams (mg) | ||
| AVOIRDUPOIS EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC WEIGHT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 ton (metric) | = | 0.9842 long ton | = | 2204.6 pounds av. |
| 1 ton (metric) | = | 1.1023 short ton | = | 2204.6 pounds av. |
| 1 kilogram | = | 2.2046 pounds av. | = | 35.274 ounces av. |
| 1 gram | = | 0.03527 ounces av. | ||
| 1 gram | = | 15.432 grains | ||
| TROY AND APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS EQUIVALENTSIN AVOIRDUPOIS AND METRIC WEIGHT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 pound Troy or apothecaries' | = | 0.82286 pounds avoirdupois | = | 373.2 grams |
| 1 ounce Troy or apothecaries' | = | 1.09714 ounce avoirdupois | = | 31.103 grams |
| 1 grain Troy or apothecaries' | = | 1 grain avoirdupois | = | 0.0648 gram |
| 1 pound avoirdupois | = | 1.21528 pound Troy or apothecaries' | ||
| 1 kilogram (kg) | = | 32.1507 ounce Troy or apothecaries' | ||
| 1 gram (g) | = | 0.0322 ounce Troy or apothecaries' | ||
| MEASURES OF LENGTH | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mile (mi.) | = | 1760 yards | = | 5280 feet | = | 1.609 kilometers |
| 1 yard (yd.) | = | 3 feet | = | 36 inches | = | 0.9144 meter |
| 1 foot (ft.) | = | 12 inches | = | 304.8 millimeters | ||
| 1 inch (in.) | = | 25.4 millimeters | ||||
| 1 kilometer (km) | = | 1000 meter | ||||
| 1 meter (m) | = | 10 decimeter | = | 3.2808 feet | = | 39.37 inches |
| 1 decimeter (dm) | = | 10 centimeter | = | 3.937 inches | ||
| 1 centimeter (cm) | = | 10 millimeter (mm) | = | 0.3937 inches | ||
| FLUID POWER EQUIVALENTS / EXACT EQUIVALENTS | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 U.S. gallon | = | 231 cubic inches |
| = | 4 quarts or 8 pints | |
| = | 128 ounces (liquid) | |
| = | 133.37 ounces (weight) | |
| = | 8.3356 pounds | |
| = | 3.785 liters | |
| 1 imperial gallon | = | 1.2 U.S. gallons |
| 1 Liter | = | 0.2642 U.S. gallons |
| 1 cubic foot | = | 7.48 gallons |
| = | 1728 cubic inches | |
| = | 62.4 pounds (water) | |
| = | 760 mm Hg | |
| 1 Cu. ft. water | = | 62.4 pounds |
| 1 Bar at sea level | = | 14.504 PSI |
| Approx. 1/2 PSI decrease | each | 1000 foot of elevation |
| 1 "Hg | = | 0.490 PSI |
| = | 1.131 ft. water | |
| 1 horsepower | = | 33,000 ft. lbs. per minute |
| = | 550 ft. lbs. per second | |
| = | 42.4 BTU per minute | |
| = | 2545 BTU per hour | |
| = | 746 watts or 0.746 kw | |
| 1 PSI | = | 2.0416 "Hg |
| = | 27.72 " water | |
| = | 27.71 bar | |
| 1 Atmosphere | = | 1.013 bars |
| = | 29.921 "Hg | |
| = | 14.696 PSI | |
| = | 760 mm Hg | |
| 1 Foot water column | = | 0.432 PSI |
| 1 Foot oil column | = | 0.354 PSI |
| 1 Barrel oil | = | 42 gallons |
| 1 Micro-meter (micron) | = | 0.000001 meter |
| = | 0.001 centimeter | |
| = | 0.00004 inch | |
| 25 Micro-meters | = | 0.001 inch |
| FLUID POWER EQUIVALENTS / APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 Pint | = | 2 cups |
| 2 cups | = | 32 tablespoons |
| 32 tablespoons | = | 96 teaspoons |
| 96 teaspoons | = | 16 fluid ounces |
| 16 fluid ounces | = | 1 lb. |
| 1 Quart | = | 4 cups |
| 4 cups | = | 2 pints |
| 2 pints | = | 32 fluid ounces |
| 32 fluid ounces | = | 2 pounds |
| 1 Gallon | = | 16 cups |
| 16 cups | = | 4 quarts |
| 4 quarts | = | 8 pints |
| 8 pints | = | 128 fluid ounces |
| 128 fluid ounces | = | 231 cubic inches |
| 1 Cup | = | 16 tablespoons |
| 16 tablespoons | = | 48 teaspoons |
| 1 Tablespoon | = | 3 tsp. |
| 3 tsp. | = | 1/2 fluid ounce |
| 1 Fluid oz. (volume) | = | 600 drops hydraulic oil |
| 1 Cubic inch | = | 330 drops (oil) |
| FLUID POWER ABBREVIATIONS | |
| abs | absolute (as in psia) |
| A-C | alternating current |
| Bhn | Brinell hardness number |
| Btu | British thermal unit |
| C | degrees Centigrade (Celsius) |
| cc | closed center |
| ccw | counter clockwise |
| cfm | cubic feet per minute |
| cfs | cubic feet per second |
| cir | cubic inches per revolution |
| cim | cubic inches per minute |
| com | common |
| cpm | cycles per minute |
| cps | cycles per second |
| cu.in/rev | cubic inches per revolution |
| cw | clockwise |
| cyl | cylinder |
| dia | diameter |
| ext | external |
| F | degrees Fahrenheit |
| fl | fluid |
| fpm | feet per minute |
| ft | foot |
| ft-lb | foot pound |
| gal | gallon |
| gpm | gallons per minute |
| Hg | Mercury |
| HP | horsepower |
| Hz | Hertz |
| ID | inside diameter |
| in | inch |
| in-lb | inch pound |
| int | internal |
| ipm | inches per minute |
| ips | inches per second |
| lb | pound |
| max | maximum |
| min | minimum |
| mtd | mounted |
| NC | normally closed |
| NO | normally open |
| NPT | national pipe thread |
| NPTF | dryseal pipe threads |
| oc | open center |
| oz | ounce |
| P.O. | pilot operated |
| press | pressure |
| psi | pounds per square inch |
| psia | psi absolute |
| psig | psi gauge |
| pt | pint |
| qt | quart |
| r | radius |
| rms | root mean square |
| rpm | revolutions per minute |
| rps | revolutions per second |
| scfm | standard cu. ft. per minute |
| Smls | seamless |
| sol | solenoid |
| SSU | Saybolt seconds universal |
| SUS | Saybolt universal seconds |
| u | micro-meters or microns |
| T | torque |
| vac | vacuum |
| VI | viscosity index |
| visc | viscosity |
