Trophy Hunting | College of Biological Sciences (2024)

Trophy hunting has long been used to control predator populations (e.g. cougars and wolves in the US). In most species, sport hunting can only threaten the future of a population when loss of males is so high that females can no longer find mates. However, in species where males provide essential paternal care, the removal of even a few individuals can have a severe impact on the entire population. In lions, replacement males systematically kill the cubs of any resident males that have been shot by sport hunters so excessive trophy hunting can have serious consequences for lion populations.

We used a highly detailed computer model, SimSimba, to measure the consequences of lion trophy hunting in a virtual lion population. Our simulations showed that trophy hunting could be sustained indefinitely if hunting were restricted to males over six years of age. This restriction maximizes the quantity and the quality of the long-term harvest. If trophy hunters kill too many young males (three to four years old), our simulations show that populations may be eliminated entirely, so it is critically important to restrict harvests to older animals. In further simulations, we found imposing and enforcing a minimum age of six years could also accommodate environmental disturbances and errors in age assessments.

Trophy Hunting | College of Biological Sciences (1)

In order for hunters to abide by an age minimum, they must be able to estimate a lion’s age. We have found that age can be estimated by the color of a lion’s nose. The triangular tip is pink in young lions, but becomes increasingly speckled with black pigment as lions age; we also published a lion-hunter’s guidebook that shows how to estimate age based on mane growth, tooth wear and coat coloration.

Most African countries now prohibit killing lions under six years old, although this has not been strictly enforced. After finding numerous examples of two-to-three-year-old males still being harvested throughout Africa, we analyzed data from various sources to determine if lions have been overhunted.

Looking at national statistics, we found that trophy hunting policies in Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia in the 1980s and 1990s caused significant declines in populations that limited subsequent trophy harvests. Countries with more conservative policies, such as Mozambique, did not experience similar declines. Botswana has since banned lion trophy hunting to conserve its lions, and Zambia and Zimbabwe imposed brief hunting bans in the early 2000s. We also found clear signs of overhunting at the ecosystem level and within individual hunting blocks in Tanzania. Our analysis suggested that lion harvests should not exceed one male per 1000 km2 in the Selous Game Reserve and one male per 2000 km2 in the rest of the country—assuming that trophy hunters continue to shoot males under six years of age. In response to our analysis, the Tanzanian government recently passed legislation limiting hunting to males over six years of age.

FURTHER READING
Trophy Hunting | College of Biological Sciences (2024)

FAQs

Why is trophy hunting illegal? ›

Trophy hunting is not only unethical treatment and killing of animals, but it is also extractive and can harm conservation efforts by exacerbating direct and indirect threats facing many imperiled species. Trophy hunters travel all over the world for hunts, as over 75 countries import and/or export hunting trophies.

How does trophy hunting affect biodiversity? ›

However, most of the indi- vidual animals that are hunted as trophies are large herbivores, and maintaining large populations of these high-demand species may not have any effect on the total number of plant and animals species in the area (i.e., biodiversity), or could cause biodiversity to decline due to poten- tial ...

Is safari hunting legal? ›

Some people believe it to be unethical, especially because it's common for trophy hunters to seek endangered species. With strict government regulations, trophy hunting for endangered species is legal. For many species, a limited number of licenses are issued to restrict the number of animals killed.

Is trophy hunting ethical? ›

No. Not at all. On a global scale, that type of hunting is poaching. Hunting without purpose is illegal, inconsistent with hunters' ethics, and contrary to our successful system of conservation.

Do trophy hunters eat the meat? ›

Despite the notion that trophy hunting consists of shooting an animal and cutting its head off to mount on a wall. Regardless of what type of hunting you claim you are doing, no edible meat can legally be wasted. Both forms of hunting have the same outcome: the animal ends up being eaten.

How many animals are killed by trophy hunters each year? ›

In the U.S. alone, trophy hunters kill more than 100,000 native carnivores every year for their fur. Take action to stop this cruel and unnecessary practice.

What animal is hunted the most? ›

Pangolins are one of the most hunted and valued animals on the market because of their believed powers. Pangolins are increasingly considered a delicacy in China and Vietnam.

What is the difference between trophy hunting and poaching? ›

Poaching and trophy hunting are very different wildlife practices that often become confused as the same thing. While poaching is illegal harvesting that is severely damaging to wildlife populations, trophy hunting is sanctioned under a required official permit provided by the government.

Where does trophy hunting money go? ›

Studies have determined that only 3 percent of funds from trophy hunting reaches the rural communities where the hunting occurs. Middlemen, and large companies and organizations, take the majority share of sport hunting proceeds. In reality, the last thing on the minds of trophy hunters is conservation.

Why does Africa allow trophy hunting? ›

Trophy hunting creates financial incentives for conservation

On communal land, trophy hunting is a key component of community conservation schemes in several countries, including Botswana, Central African Republic; Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

How much does it cost to go on an African safari hunt? ›

The total price of an African hunting trip is a function of four components. An African Hunting Safari price for an 8-day plains game hunt with 7 trophies is on average between $4000 and $10,000. However, some additional costs need to be considered.

What happens to the meat from a safari hunt? ›

You will likely eat some of the animals that have been harvested by yourself or other hunters while in camp. The rest of the meat is either sold commercially, kept for camp meat, donated to the local population or used as bait for predators and scavenger hunts.

What is being poached? ›

Poaching is the illegal trafficking and killing of wildlife. Sometimes animal or plant parts are sold as trophies or “folk medicines” and sometimes they are sold as pets or houseplants. With more tigers kept captive than living wild, the scope of poaching can not be overstated.

What would happen if trophy hunting was banned? ›

Supporters claim a ban will conserve wildlife by discouraging Americans from traveling to Africa and killing wildebeests, zebras, elephants, and other charismatic megafauna. But banning trophy hunting could do more harm than good for these species and their habitats.

Who is against trophy hunting? ›

WWF. WWF opposes any hunting that threatens species survival, and WWF does not support the hunting of an animal solely as a trophy.

Why is big game hunting legal? ›

Trophy hunting in North America was encouraged as a way of conservation by organizations such as the Boone & Crockett club as hunting an animal with a big set of antlers or horns is a way of selecting only the mature animals, contributing to shape a successful conservation model in the country in which hunting takes a ...

What is the point of trophy hunting? ›

Trophy hunting is the hunting of wild animals for sport, not for food. Usually, the animal is stuffed or a body part is kept for display. Most trophy hunters come from rich countries and pay high fees for their hunts. Many hunters claim that trophy hunting isn't bad for animals.

Why is exotic game hunting controversial? ›

Another problem with hunting involves the introduction of exotic “game” animals who, if they're able to escape and thrive, pose a threat to native wildlife and established ecosystems. Most hunting occurs on private land, where laws that protect wildlife are often inapplicable or difficult to enforce.

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