There are plenty of perks to owning your own home rather than renting. You can knock down walls if you want to, you can install a professional home theater system, or you can paint the walls with purple polka dots if you like. But there are other benefits—the financial kind.
If you rented in the past, all of your money went to a landlord, and none of it came back to you as a tax deduction. That changes if you’re a homeowner.
Whether you buy a mobile home, townhouse, condominium, cooperative apartment, or single-family home, several tax breaks can save you money at tax time.
The downside is that your taxes will get more complicated. You can't just plug your W-2 information into Form 1040 and finish your taxes in 10 minutes. As a homeowner, you can take advantage of itemizing, which can save you a lot of money.
Key Takeaways
- The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) provides several tax breaks to make homeownership more affordable.
- Common tax deductions include those for mortgage interest, mortgage points, and private mortgage insurance (PMI).
- To claim the deductions, you have to itemize your taxes rather than taking the standard deduction.
- Tax credits are available for qualified first-time homebuyers and homeowners who invest in energy improvements like solar panels and energy-efficient windows.
Check the Standard Deduction
The standard deduction for the 2024 tax year is $29,200 for couples filing jointly, and $1,460 for singles. That's up from $27,700 for couples and $13,850 for singles in 2023. You might do a quick calculation of your deductions and see if the standard deduction saves you more.
Tax Credits vs. Tax Deductions
In the tax world, there are deductions, and there are credits. Credits are better.
- A credit is directly subtracted from your tax bill. If you get a $1,000 tax credit, your total tax amount due will decrease by $1,000.
- A tax deduction reduces your adjusted gross income (AGI), which reduces the amount of taxes you owe. For example, if you’re in the 24% tax bracket, your tax liability will be reduced by 24% of the total claimed deduction. If you claim a $1,000 deduction, your tax liability will drop by $240 ($1,000 × 24%).
Tax Deductions for Homeowners
Most of the favorable tax treatment that comes from owning a home is in the form of deductions. Here are the most common deductions:
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Mortgage Interest Deduction
You can deduct your home mortgage interest on the first $750,000 ($375,000 if married filing separately) of mortgage debt. The old limit—$1 million ($500,000 if married filing separately)—applies if you bought your home before Dec. 16, 2017.
You can’t deduct home mortgage interest unless you itemize deductions on Schedule A Form 1040 or 1040-SR. You can deduct mortgage interest on a second home as long as the mortgage satisfies the same requirements for deductible interest as on your primary residence.
In January, after the end of the tax year, your lender will send you Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 1098, detailing the amount of interest that you paid in the previous year.
If you just bought your home, be sure to include any interest that you paid as part of your closing. Lenders will include interest for the partial first month of your mortgage as part of your closing.You can find it on the settlement sheet. Ask your lender or mortgage broker to point this out to you. If it’s not included on your 1098, add this to your total mortgage interest when doingyour taxes.
Mortgage Points Deduction
You may have paid mortgage points to your lender as part of a new loan or refinancing. Each point that you buy generally costs 1% of the total loan and lowers your interest rate by 0.25%. For example, if you paid $300,000 for your home, each point would equal $3,000 ($300,000 × 1%).
With a 4% interest rate, for instance, that one point would lower the rate to 3.75% for the life of the loan. As long as you actually gave the lender money for these discount points, you get a deduction.
Like the mortgage interest deduction, discount points are deductible on the first $750,000 of debt.
If you refinanced your loan or took out a home equity line of credit (HELOC), you receive a deduction for points over the life of the loan. Each time you make a mortgage payment, a small percentage of the points is built into the loan. You can deduct that amount for each month that you made payments. So, if $5 of the payment was for points, and you made a year’s worth of payments, your deductible amount would be $60.
Your lender will send you Form 1098, detailing how much you paid in mortgage interest and mortgage points. Using that information, you can claim the deduction on Schedule A of Form 1040 or 1040-SR.
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
Lenders charge private mortgage insurance (PMI) to borrowers who put down less than 20% on a conventional loan. PMI usually costs $30 to $70 a month for each $100,000 borrowed. Like other types of mortgage insurance, PMI protects the lender (not you) if you stop making mortgage payments.
Depending on your income and when you bought your home, you might be able to deduct your PMI payments.
Mortgage insurance premiums are no longer deductible.
State and Local Tax (SALT) Deduction
The state and local tax (SALT) deduction lets you deduct certain taxes paid to state and local governments if you itemize on your federal return.
The $10,000 cap applies whether you are single or married filing jointly and drops to $5,000 if you’re married filing separately. The deduction limit relates to the combined total deduction of state income, local income, sales, and property taxes.
You must itemize your deductions to claim the mortgage interest deduction, mortgage points deduction, and SALT deduction. You can’t claim these deductions if you take the standard deduction when filing your tax return.
If you payyour property taxes through a lender escrow account, you’ll find the amount on your 1098 form.
Otherwise, you can look at your personal records in the form of a check or automatic transfer if you pay directly to your municipality.
Be sure to include payments that you made to the seller for any prepaid real estate taxes (you can find themon your settlement sheet).
State and local income taxes withheld from your paycheck appear on your W-2 form, which your employer(s) should send by the end of January following the tax year. If you elect to deduct state and local sales taxes instead of income taxes (you can’t deduct both), you can use your actual expenses or the optional sales tax tables found in Schedule A (Form 1040).
Home Sale Exclusion
Chances are you won’t have to pay taxes on most of the profit that you make when you sell your home, thanks to the home sale exclusion.
If you’ve owned and lived in the home for at least two of the five years before the sale, you won’t pay taxes on the first $250,000 of profit (that is, the capital gain). The number doubles to $500,000 if you’re married filing jointly. However, at least one spouse must meet the ownership requirement, and both spouses must meet the residency requirement that they have lived in the home for two out of the previous five years.
You might be able to meet part of the residency requirement if you had to sell your home early due to a divorce, a job change, or some other reason.
If you have a taxable gain on the sale of your main home that is greater than the exclusion, report the entire gain on Form 8949: Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets.
Depending on how long you owned the home, any gains will be taxed at either the short-term or long-term capital gains rate:
- Short-term capital gains tax rates apply if you owned the home for less than a year. These gains are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate, which will be somewhere between 10% and 37% depending on your income for the year.
- Long-term capital gains tax rates apply if you owned the home for more than a year. The rate is 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your filing status and income.
Tax Credits
You might be eligible for a mortgage credit if you were issued a qualified mortgage credit certificate by a state or local governmental unit or agency under a qualified mortgage credit certificate program.
Also, check energy.gov to find out whether your state offers tax credits, rebates, and other incentives for energy-efficient improvements to your home.
Which Expenses Can I Itemize?
Homeowners cangenerally deduct home mortgage interest, home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) interest, mortgage points, private mortgage insurance (PMI), and state and local tax (SALT) deductions.
Whether or not you're a homeowner, you may be able to deduct charitable donations, casualty and theft losses, some gambling losses, unreimbursed medical and dental expenses, and long-term care premiums.
You itemize your deductions on Schedule A Form 1040.
Who Should Itemize Deductions?
All taxpayers have the option of taking the standard deduction or itemizing deductions. You can take whichever option saves you the most.
The standard deduction for the 2024 tax year is $29,200 for couples filing jointly and $1,460 for singles. For the 2023 tax year, it's $27,700 for couples and $13,850 for singles.
Note that these numbers are double the standard deduction amounts available before 2018 when the tax code got an overhaul. You might do a quick calculation of your deductions and see if the standard deduction saves you more.
What Are the Standard Deduction Amounts for 2023?
For the 2023 tax year, the standard deduction is $13,850 for single people or married couples filing separately, $20,800 for heads of household, and $27,700 for married filing jointly couples.
For the 2024 tax year, the deduction is $14,600 for single people or married couples filing separately, $21,900 for heads of household, and $29,200 for couples who are married filing jointly.
The Bottom Line
Let’s keep this in perspective: If you’re in the 24% tax bracket, you’re still paying nearly 75% of your mortgage interest without any deductions.
Don’t fall into the trap of thinking that paying interest is beneficial because it reduces your taxes. In many cases, paying off your home as quickly as possible is the best financial move, particularly with the much larger standard deduction now in effect.
