Target-date funds (2024)

Sources: Vanguard and Morningstar, Inc., as of June 30, 2024. Results will vary for other time periods. Vanguard’s oldest share class (Investor Shares) and all funds in the Morningstar peer group with a minimum 10-year history were included in the comparison. There may be other material differences between products that must be considered before investing.Note that the competitive performance data shown represent past performance, which is not a guarantee of future results, and that all investments are subject to risks. Investment returns and principal value will fluctuate, so investors' shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data cited. For the most recent performance, visit our website atvanguard.com/performance.

Standardized performance
Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund
Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Note: This hypothetical illustration assumes an investor with a $100,000 balance in a defined contribution plan contributing 10% of an $80,000 salary that increases 2% each year.

1 Vanguard and Morningstar, Inc., as of June 30, 2024. Our Target Retirement Funds with a 10-year track record or longer (2060 and earlier vintages), on average, ranked in the 77th percentile among peer groups for 10-year returns through 2024. Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund ranked 29th out of 104 peers; 2020 Fund, 23rd out of 94; 2025 Fund, 17th out of 144; 2030 Fund, 28th out of 138; 2035 Fund, 46th out of 140; 2040 Fund, 51st out of 138; 2045 Fund, 42nd out of 140; 2050 Fund, 39th out of 138; 2055 Fund, 47th out of 134; and 2060 Fund, 6th out of 15. Only competing funds with a 10-year history were included. Results will vary in other time periods.

Standardized performance
Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Inv

We blend investment theory with four decades of behavioral insights to design a TDF glide path that helps participants retire when they want, with enough money to live comfortably. It presents your participants with a carefully calibrated balance between risk and reward that may look simple on the surface but is backed by decades of research. This thoughtful approach allows our TDFs to more fully support income throughout a participant’s retirement.

Learn more about our retirement income strategies

Disclosures and notes

For more information about any fund, visitinstitutional.vanguard.comor call 800-523-1036 to obtain a prospectus or, if available, a summary prospectus. Investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other important information are contained in the prospectus; read and consider it carefully before investing.

All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest.

Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Be aware that fluctuations in the financial markets and other factors may cause declines in the value of your account. There is no guarantee that any particular asset allocation or mix of funds will meet your investment objectives or provide you with a given level of income.

Investments in Target Retirement Trusts and Funds are subject to the risks of their underlying funds. The year in the trust or fund name refers to the approximate year (the target date) when an investor in the trust or fund would retire and leave the workforce. The trust or fund will gradually shift its emphasis from more aggressive investments to more conservative ones based on its target date. The Income Trust/Fund and the Income and Growth Trust have fixed investment allocations and are designed for investors who are already retired. An investment in a Target Retirement Trust or Fund is not guaranteed at any time, including on or after the target date.

Vanguard is responsible only for selecting the underlying funds and periodically rebalancing the holdings of target-date investments. The asset allocations Vanguard has selected for the Target Retirement Funds are based on our investment experience and are geared to the average investor. Regularly check the asset mix of the option you choose to ensure it is appropriate for your current situation.

Vanguard Target Retirement Trusts are not mutual funds. They are collective trusts available only to tax-qualified plans and their eligible participants. Investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other important information should be considered carefully before investing. The collective trust mandates are managed by Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Vanguard Group, Inc.

Investments in bonds are subject to interest rate, credit, and inflation risk. While U.S. Treasury or government agency securities provide substantial protection against credit risk, they do not protect investors against price changes due to changing interest rates. Unlike stocks and bonds, U.S. Treasury bills are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest. Investments in stocks or bonds issued by non-U.S. companies are subject to risks, including country/regional risk and currency risk.

Target-date funds (2024)

FAQs

Are target-date funds still a good idea? ›

Who Benefits Most From a Target-Date Fund? Target-date funds benefit investors who do not follow investment markets, learn how to invest, and take a hands-on approach to their retirement. They're even a smart move for people inclined to frequently change their fund allocation inside their 401(k).

How risky is a target date fund? ›

In fact, there are no guarantees that the fund will generate a certain amount of income or gains. A target-date fund is an investment, not an annuity. As with all investments, these funds are subject to risk and underperformance.

What is better than a target date fund? ›

Index funds typically offer lower costs, broad market exposure, and simplicity, while target-date funds are a hands-off, all-in-one investment vehicle. Factors to consider when choosing between target-date and index funds include your investment goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon.

Are target-date funds too expensive? ›

Too expensive

Target-date funds can have higher fees than many stock index funds, given that they automatically rebalance from winners to losers and shift toward a more conservative investment mix over time.

What percentage of 401k assets are in target-date funds? ›

At year-end 2022, 85 percent of 401(k) plans, covering 88 percent of 401(k) plan participants, included target date funds in their investment lineup. Target date funds were 38 percent of the assets in the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database, and 68 percent of 401(k) participants in the database held target date funds.

What is the most aggressive target-date fund? ›

Designed to carry someone through age 95, TDFs from mutual fund giant T. Rowe Price take the cake as the most aggressive. The firm basically created the concept of a through-fund. The selected vehicle won't reach its most conservative allocation until 30 years after an investor stops working.

Can you get out of a target-date fund? ›

If I retire, can I withdraw my savings from my target date fund even if it has not reached its designated year? Yes, you can withdraw your money at any time. However, if you retire early (before age 59 1/2), you may be subject to a tax penalty for early withdrawal.

Why target-date funds may be inappropriate? ›

For one thing, the composition of target-date funds and the reallocations that occur over time suggest the only thing determining an investor's risk profile is how old they are. Many other factors go into that, including their assets and liabilities. The other issue here is diversification.

Do target-date funds underperform? ›

Simply put, target date funds are a good idea with bad execution. While it's not intrinsically a bad thing to invest in a target date fund, they are empirically shown to underperform a comparable portfolio of passive index ETFs.

Do target date funds outperform S&P 500? ›

A target-date fund is generally a "fund of funds," meaning that the investor is paying an extra layer of fees. Those additional fees could make the fund's actual return compare unfavorably to other options for a retirement portfolio, such as an S&P 500 Index Fund. Securities & Exchange Commission.

Should I invest my 401k in a target date fund or index fund? ›

If you're interested in a "set it and forget it" style of investing, target-date funds are more appropriate for you. The fund will automatically rebalance and shed risk as you approach retirement. Target-date funds also have the advantage of typically being more diversified than broad index funds.

Are Vanguard target date funds good? ›

Our target-date funds (TDFs) have historically provided higher returns with less volatility than their peer averages. That means more retirement confidence for participants and more fiduciary confidence for you. And that's a win for everyone.

What is one disadvantage of a target-date fund? ›

As you approach your target date, target-date funds move more of your money from stocks to bonds. However, this approach lowers your overall potential return, creating a drag on performance in exchange for relative safety.

How do you make money with target date funds? ›

While some target-date funds are invested directly in stocks and bonds, it's more common for them to be a mix of mutual funds. This mix is referred to as a "fund of funds" and is naturally diversified. Target-date funds make it so you can reach your financial goal by holding a single security.

Which retirement fund is best? ›

The Best Retirement Income Funds of September 2024
FundExpense Ratio
Dodge and Cox Income Fund (DODIX)0.41%
PGIM High Yield Fund (PHYZX)0.51%
T. Rowe Price Dividend Growth Fund (PRDGX)0.64%
Schwab International Index Fund (SWISX)0.06%
5 more rows
Aug 29, 2024

What year should my target-date fund be? ›

Target Date Default Age Chart
Target Date FundDate of Birth FromDate of Birth To
Target Date 2030July 1, 1963June 30, 1968
Target Date 2025July 1, 1958June 30, 1963
Target Date 2020July 1, 1953June 30, 1958
Target Date 2015July 1, 1948June 30, 1953
8 more rows

What happens to target-date funds after target date? ›

After that date, the allocation of the fund typically does not change throughout retirement. A target-date fund designed to take an investor "through retirement" continues to rebalance and generally will reach its most conservative asset allocation after the target date.

Can you sell target-date funds early? ›

Yes, you can withdraw your money at any time. However, if you retire early (before age 59 1/2), you may be subject to a tax penalty for early withdrawal.

How efficient are target-date funds? ›

As expected, the long-term results were more favorable for TDFs with more distant target years. For example, over the entire 15-year period, pre-2020 funds yielded 4.9% annually, 2020 funds 5.5%, 2025-2030 funds 5.7%, 2035-2040 funds 5.8%, and 2045-2050 funds 6.0%.

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