Study: Are millennials worse off than baby boomers were at the same age? (2024)

Millennials are not all worse off than their baby boomer counterparts, a new study from the University of Cambridge found after analyzing major differences in the life trajectories and wealth accumulation of the generations in the U.S. However, a stark and growing wealth gap exists between the two groups.

Millennials are more likely to work in low-paying jobs and live with their parents, researchers found. But "those living more 'typical' middle-class lifestyles often have more wealth than their boomer parents did at the same age," the study, published in theAmerican Journal of Sociology in September 2023, reported.

Lead author of the study, Dr. Rob Gruijters said the debate about whether millennials are worse off is a distraction. "The crucial intergenerational shift has been in how different family and career patterns are rewarded."

Here’s what else researchers discovered.

Key findings: Millennials vs. baby boomers

  • By age 35, 17% of baby boomers moved into a prestigious professional careers after graduating college, such as law or medicine, while 7.3% of millennials did the same.
  • Millennials tended to postpone marriage and live with their parents for longer amounts of time. About 27% of boomers got married earlier and became parents early, compared to 13% of millennials.
  • By age 35, 62% of boomers owned homes, while 49% of millennials were homeowners. Around 14% of millennials had negative net worth, compared to 8.7% of baby boomers.
  • About 63% of low-skilled service workers who identified as boomers owned their own home at 35, compared with 42% of millennials in the same occupations.
  • The poorest millennials in service sector roles were more likely to have negative net worth, compared to boomers.

"This divergence in financial rewards is exacerbating extreme levels of wealth inequality in the United States," Gruijters said. "Individuals with typical working class careers, like truck drivers or hairdressers, used to be able to buy a home and build a modest level of assets, but this is more difficult for the younger generation.”

Gruijters said the solutions to addressing these wealth inequalities include progressive wealth taxation and policies like universal health insurance, giving more people security.

Baby boomers have the largest net worth

Baby boomers own 52.8% of all wealth in the U.S., compared to 5.7% of millennials, according to the Federal Reserve.

How was the data collected?

Researchers from the University of Cambridge, Humboldt University in Germany and the French research university Sciences Po analyzed work and family life trajectories of more than 6,000 baby boomers and 6,000 millennials in the U.S.

Researchers posed the following questions:

  • How does the distribution of household wealth at age 35 differ between millennials and babyboomers?
  • How do early work and family trajectories differ between millennials and baby boomers?
  • How do the wealth returns to different work and family trajectories vary between millennialsand baby boomers?
  • To what extent can cohort differences in household wealth be attributed to changes in work andfamily life courses?

The study compared late baby boomers (born 1957-64) with early millennials (born 1980-84), using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.

What years are baby boomers?Here's how old this generation is in 2023

They can't buy into that American Dream:How younger workers are redefining success

Study: Are millennials worse off than baby boomers were at the same age? (2024)

FAQs

Study: Are millennials worse off than baby boomers were at the same age? ›

When looking at baby boomers—currently aged 59 to 78—the researchers found economic outcomes a bit more mixed. While it's true the average millennial has 30% less wealth at age 35 than boomers at the same age, the richest 10% of millennials have 20% more wealth than the richest boomers did.

What generation has it worse? ›

About half of millennials feel they're living in the worst economic environment in the last century. The survey found: About half of millennials feel it's them who's suffered the most, the next most popular answer was the greatest generation (aged 74-91). Boomers and Gen X run a distant third and fourth.

Which generation is struggling the most? ›

Not just growing pains: Gen Z reports suffering more than other generations did at their age. A new study from Gallup shows a crushing youth mental health crisis, because teens are more tuned in than ever.

What is the difference between baby boomers and millennials? ›

Baby boomers are the eldest, born between the years 1946 and 1964. Generation X follows, and they were born between 1965 and 1980. Next comes Generation Y (more commonly known as Millennials), born between roughly 1981 and 1994.

Did Boomers really have it easier? ›

Collectively, baby boomers benefited a great deal from America's economic growth over the second half of the 20th century. The economy boomed in their childhoods as the U.S. became a superpower, and as adults, they had an easier time buying low-cost housing than their children or grandchildren would.

Who are the unhealthiest generation? ›

Millennials (and the kids born after them) are currently being called the “unhealthiest generation” in human history—facing diagnoses, mysterious illnesses and conditions that our ancestors or their parents never faced.

Which generation quits the most? ›

Gen Z workers also report the highest rates of wanting to quit their jobs within the last three months compared to all other generations. In addition to feeling the least engaged in work, Gen Z also finds their responsibilities uninspiring.

What is the biggest problem with millennials? ›

What are the most common challenges among millennials?
  • Cancel Culture. ...
  • College Debt. ...
  • Aging Parents. ...
  • Discrimination. ...
  • Substance/ Alcohol/ Sex Addiction. ...
  • Violence/ Bullying. ...
  • Less Human Interaction. ...
  • Mental Health Issues.

What is the most depressed generation? ›

By the numbers: Gen Z — people roughly between the ages of 12 and 27 —reports the poorest mental health of any generation, according to a recent Gallup and Walton Family Foundation report. Just 44% of Gen Zers say they feel prepared for the future.

What is the most stressed generation? ›

Although the stress of experiencing a continuing polycrisis affects people of all demographics, recent research from GlobeScan shows that Gen Z respondents across 31 countries and territories are more than twice as likely to say they frequently experience stress and anxiety than are Baby Boomers and older.

What generation has the most wealth? ›

Baby boomers have the most wealth among four recorded generations. Other generations have less wealth, but it's not necessarily an indication of financial problems. Plan for upcoming economic issues such as higher housing and medical costs by investing early.

Which generation uses healthcare the most? ›

Here is where the generations rank on how many engage with healthcare both in-person and digitally, according to the survey of 2,735 people:
  • Generation Z: 66.4 percent.
  • Millennials: 62.7 percent.
  • Bridge millennials: 55.9 percent.
  • Generation X: 38.9 percent.
  • Baby boomers and seniors: 29.2 percent.
May 11, 2023

Is it more expensive to live now than 30 years ago? ›

The price of everything, from a sack of flour to a winter coat, keeps climbing every year. Since 1970, the Consumer Price Index saw a 500%-plus increase. Even after adjusting for inflation, today's dollar buys a whole lot less than it did 50 or even 25 years ago.

What generation will inherit the most money? ›

Still, over the next decade this intergenerational transfer could make millennials “the richest generation in history,” according to the annual Wealth Report by global real estate consultancy Knight Frank. These funds come at a time when millennials and Gen Zers are having a harder time making it on their own.

Why are baby boomers so wealthy? ›

Not all are rich, but in aggregate they have amassed great wealth, owing to a combination of falling interest rates, declining housebuilding and strong earnings. American baby-boomers, who make up 20% of the country's population, own 52% of its net wealth, worth $76trn (see chart 1).

What are the disadvantages of boomer? ›

The 10 Major Disadvantages to Being an Aging Baby Boomer.
  • Exorbitant cost of replacement parts.
  • Sex and drugs and rock and roll and now naps.
  • When acid flashbacks meet dementia. ...
  • Turns out that old adage was right: the good DO die young.
Jun 4, 2015

Is Gen Z worse off? ›

But in reality, research echoes that the youngest generation of workers really do have it worse financially. A new study from credit reporting agency TransUnion found those in their early 20s are earning less, have more debt and see higher delinquency rates than millennials did at their age.

Is this generation the most depressed generation? ›

By the numbers: Gen Z — people roughly between the ages of 12 and 27 —reports the poorest mental health of any generation, according to a recent Gallup and Walton Family Foundation report. Just 44% of Gen Zers say they feel prepared for the future.

Is Gen Z more stressed than Millennials? ›

Does Gen Z struggle more with mental health than millennials? New polling shows signs of a shift. Compared with older generations today, members of Gen Z are much more likely to report experiencing negative emotions such as stress, anxiety and loneliness, according to a new study.

Which Gen is the most stressed? ›

Although the stress of experiencing a continuing polycrisis affects people of all demographics, recent research from GlobeScan shows that Gen Z respondents across 31 countries and territories are more than twice as likely to say they frequently experience stress and anxiety than are Baby Boomers and older.

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