(start, T2); (write, T2, x, 1, 9); (commit, T2); start, T3); (write, T3, z, 7, 2); if a crash happens now and the system tries to recover using both undo and redo operations, what are the contents of the undo list and the redo list?
This question was previously asked in
NIC Scientist B Official Paper (Held On: 22 Nov, 2020)
Checkpointing is the process of periodically saving (or writing) the execution state of an application such that in the event of an interruption in the execution of an application, this saved state can be used to continue the execution at a later time. Typically, the execution state is written to a file.
Answer: In database management, checkpoints synchronize data files and log files, ensuring that committed changes are safely stored. In case of system failures, checkpoints facilitate recovery by enabling the system to reconstruct the database to a consistent state just before the failure.
The cell cycle is controlled at three checkpoints. The integrity of the DNA is assessed at the G1 checkpoint. Proper chromosome duplication is assessed at the G2 checkpoint. Attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber is assessed at the M checkpoint.
A checkpoint is a place where traffic is stopped so that it can be checked. Witnesses said the pickup trucks drove through three official checkpoints without being stopped.
Traffic Safety Checkpoints - Blocking of a roadway or portion of a roadway by uniformed police personnel for the purpose of stopping vehicles in a predetermined manner to ascertain the safety of drivers on the roadway.
The checkpointing mechanism takes a snapshot of the system state and stores the data on some non-volatile storage medium. Clearly, the cost of a checkpoint will vary with the amount of state required to be saved and the bandwidth available to the storage mechanism being used to save the state.
Checkpointing is a mechanism to store the state of a computation so that it can be retrieved at a later point in time and continued. The process of writing the computation's state is referred to as Checkpointing, the data written as the Checkpoint, and the continuation of the application as Restart or Recovery.
Checkpointing is a technique that provides fault tolerance for computing systems. It basically consists of saving a snapshot of the application's state, so that applications can restart from that point in case of failure.
Abstract. This paper concisely reviews checkpointing techniques in distributed systems, focusing on various aspects such as coordinated and uncoordinated checkpointing, incremental checkpoints, fuzzy checkpoints, adaptive checkpoint intervals, and kernel-based and user-space checkpoints.
As at the G1 checkpoint, cell size and protein reserves are assessed. However, the most important role of the G2 checkpoint is to ensure that all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged.
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