Scheduled Triggers (2024)

On this page

  • Create a Scheduled Trigger
  • Configuration
  • CRON Expressions
  • Expression Syntax
  • Format
  • Field Values
  • Example
  • Performance Optimization
  • Additional Examples

Atlas Device Sync, Atlas Edge Server, Data API, and HTTPS Endpoints are deprecated. Refer to the

deprecation page for details.

Scheduled triggers allow you to execute server-side logic on aregular schedule that you define.You can use scheduled triggers to do work that happens on a periodicbasis, such as updating a document every minute, generating a nightlyreport, or sending an automated weekly email newsletter.

Create a Scheduled Trigger

To create a scheduled Trigger in the Atlas App Services UI:

  1. Click Triggers under Build in theleft navigation menu.

  2. Click Add a Trigger to open the Trigger configuration page.

  3. Select Scheduled for the Trigger Type.

Scheduled Triggers (1)

Scheduled Triggers (2)

click to enlarge

To create a scheduled Trigger with the App Services CLI:

  1. Add a scheduled Trigger configuration file to the triggers subdirectory of a localapplication directory.

    Note

    You cannot create a Trigger that runs on a Basicschedule using App Services CLI. All imported scheduled Triggerconfigurations must specify a CRON expression.

    Scheduled Trigger configuration files have the following form:

    /triggers/<triggers name>.json

    {
    "type": "SCHEDULED",
    "name": "<Trigger Name>",
    "function_name": "<Trigger Function Name>",
    "config": {
    "schedule": "<CRON expression>"
    },
    "disabled": <boolean>
    }
  2. Deploy the trigger:

Configuration

Scheduled Triggers have the following configuration options:

Field

Description

Trigger Type

type: <string>

Select Scheduled.

Name

name: <string>

The name of the trigger.

Enabled

disabled: <boolean>

Enabled by default. Used to enable or disable the trigger.

Skip Events on Re-Enable

skip_catchup_event: <boolean>

Disabled by default. If enabled, any change events that occurred whilethis trigger was disabled will not be processed.

Schedule Type

config.schedule: <string>

Required. You can select Basic or Advanced. A Basicschedule executes the Trigger periodically based on the interval you set,such as "every five minutes" or "every Monday".

An Advanced schedule runs the Trigger based on the customCRON expression that you define.

Function

function_name: <string>

Within the Function section, you choose what action is taken whenthe trigger fires. You can choose to run a function or useAWS EventBridge.

Note

A Scheduled Trigger does not pass any arguments to its linkedFunction.

CRON Expressions

CRON expressions are user-defined strings that use standardcron job syntax to define when a scheduledtrigger should execute.App Services executes Trigger CRON expressions based on UTC time.Whenever all of the fields in a CRON expression match the current date and time,App Services fires the trigger associated with the expression.

Expression Syntax

Format

CRON expressions are strings composed of five space-delimited fields.Each field defines a granular portion of the schedule on which itsassociated trigger executes:

* * * * *
│ │ │ │ └── weekday...........[0 (SUN) - 6 (SAT)]
│ │ │ └──── month.............[1 (JAN) - 12 (DEC)]
│ │ └────── dayOfMonth........[1 - 31]
│ └──────── hour..............[0 - 23]
└────────── minute............[0 - 59]

Field

Valid Values

Description

minute

[0 - 59]

Represents one or more minutes within an hour.

Example

If the minute field of a CRON expression has a value of10, the field matches any time ten minutes after the hour(e.g. 9:10 AM).

hour

[0 - 23]

Represents one or more hours within a day on a 24-hour clock.

Example

If the hour field of a CRON expression has a value of15, the field matches any time between 3:00 PM and3:59 PM.

dayOfMonth

[1 - 31]

Represents one or more days within a month.

Example

If the dayOfMonth field of a CRON expression has a valueof 3, the field matches any time on the third day of themonth.

month

1 (JAN) 7 (JUL)

2 (FEB) 8 (AUG)

3 (MAR) 9 (SEP)

4 (APR) 10 (OCT)

5 (MAY) 11 (NOV)

6 (JUN) 12 (DEC)

Represents one or more months within a year.

A month can be represented by either a number (e.g. 2 forFebruary) or a three-letter string (e.g. APR for April).

Example

If the month field of a CRON expression has a value of9, the field matches any time in the month of September.

weekday

0 (SUN)

1 (MON)

2 (TUE)

3 (WED)

4 (THU)

5 (FRI)

6 (SAT)

Represents one or more days within a week.

A weekday can be represented by either a number (e.g. 2 for aTuesday) or a three-letter string (e.g. THU for a Thursday).

Example

If the weekday field of a CRON expression has a value of3, the field matches any time on a Wednesday.

Field Values

Each field in a CRON expression can contain either a specific value oran expression that evaluates to a set of values. The following tabledescribes valid field values and expressions:

Expression Type

Description

All Values

(*)

Matches all possible field values.

Available in all expression fields.

Example

The following CRON expression schedules a trigger to executeonce every minute of every day:

* * * * *

Specific Value

(<Value>)

Matches a specific field value. For fields other than weekdayand month this value will always be an integer. A weekdayor month field can be either an integer or a three-letterstring (e.g. TUE or AUG).

Available in all expression fields.

Example

The following CRON expression schedules a trigger to executeonce every day at 11:00 AM UTC:

0 11 * * *

List of Values

(<Expression1>,<Expression2>,...)

Matches a list of two or more field expressions or specificvalues.

Available in all expression fields.

Example

The following CRON expression schedules a trigger to executeonce every day in January, March, and July at 11:00 AM UTC:

0 11 * 1,3,7 *

Range of Values

(<Start Value>-<End Value>)

Matches a continuous range of field values between and includingtwo specific field values.

Available in all expression fields.

Example

The following CRON expression schedules a trigger to executeonce every day from January 1st through the end of April at11:00 AM UTC:

0 11 * 1-4 *

Modular Time Step

(<Field Expression>/<Step Value>)

Matches any time where the step value evenly divides thefield value with no remainder (i.e. when Value % Step == 0).

Available in the minute and hour expression fields.

Example

The following CRON expression schedules a trigger to executeon the 0th, 25th, and 50th minutes of every hour:

*/25 * * * *

Example

An online store wants to generate a daily report of all sales from theprevious day. They record all orders in the store.orders collectionas documents that resemble the following:

{
_id: ObjectId("59cf1860a95168b8f685e378"),
customerId: ObjectId("59cf17e1a95168b8f685e377"),
orderDate: ISODate("2018-06-26T16:20:42.313Z"),
shipDate: ISODate("2018-06-27T08:20:23.311Z"),
orderContents: [
{ qty: 1, name: "Earl Grey Tea Bags - 100ct", price: Decimal128("10.99") }
],
shippingLocation: [
{ location: "Memphis", time: ISODate("2018-06-27T18:22:33.243Z") },
]
}

To generate the daily report, the store creates a scheduled Triggerthat fires every day at 7:00 AM UTC. When theTrigger fires, it calls its linked Atlas Function,generateDailyReport, which runs an aggregationquery on the store.orders collection to generate the report. TheFunction then stores the result of the aggregation in thestore.reports collection.

Scheduled Triggers (3)

Scheduled Triggers (4)

Trigger Configuration

{
"type": "SCHEDULED",
"name": "reportDailyOrders",
"function_name": "generateDailyReport",
"config": {
"schedule": "0 7 * * *"
},
"disabled": false
}

generateDailyReport

exports = function() {
// Instantiate MongoDB collection handles
const mongodb = context.services.get("mongodb-atlas");
const orders = mongodb.db("store").collection("orders");
const reports = mongodb.db("store").collection("reports");
// Generate the daily report
return orders.aggregate([
// Only report on orders placed since yesterday morning
{ $match: {
orderDate: {
$gte: makeYesterdayMorningDate(),
$lt: makeThisMorningDate()
}
} },
// Add a boolean field that indicates if the order has already shipped
{ $addFields: {
orderHasShipped: {
$cond: {
if: "$shipDate", // if shipDate field exists
then: 1,
else: 0
}
}
} },
// Unwind individual items within each order
{ $unwind: {
path: "$orderContents"
} },
// Calculate summary metrics for yesterday's orders
{ $group: {
_id: "$orderDate",
orderIds: { $addToSet: "$_id" },
numSKUsOrdered: { $sum: 1 },
numItemsOrdered: { $sum: "$orderContents.qty" },
totalSales: { $sum: "$orderContents.price" },
averageOrderSales: { $avg: "$orderContents.price" },
numItemsShipped: { $sum: "$orderHasShipped" },
} },
// Add the total number of orders placed
{ $addFields: {
numOrders: { $size: "$orderIds" }
} }
]).next()
.then(dailyReport => {
reports.insertOne(dailyReport);
})
.catch(err => console.error("Failed to generate report:", err));
};
function makeThisMorningDate() {
return setTimeToMorning(new Date());
}
function makeYesterdayMorningDate() {
const thisMorning = makeThisMorningDate();
const yesterdayMorning = new Date(thisMorning);
yesterdayMorning.setDate(thisMorning.getDate() - 1);
return yesterdayMorning;
}
function setTimeToMorning(date) {
date.setHours(7);
date.setMinutes(0);
date.setSeconds(0);
date.setMilliseconds(0);
return date;
}

Performance Optimization

Use the Query API with a a $matchexpression to reduce the number of documents your Function looks at.This helps your Function improve performance and not reachFunction memory limits.

Refer the Example section for a Scheduled Trigger using a $match expression.

Additional Examples

For additional examples of Triggers integrated into an App Services App,checkout the example Triggers on Github.

Scheduled Triggers (2024)
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