Let's say you don't reach retirement with all the money that you're supposed to have saved and end up with a low income in retirement. Though the stock market has been very successful for many, the last few decades haven't exactly been without financial shocks.
Many households felt the effects of the 2007-2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession. People reaching retirement age thought they were set, until financial markets crashed, wiping out much of their retirement funds. Many recovered, but for others the timing was disastrous. More than a decade later, the world faced a new crisis. The economic fallout of the pandemic and lockdown rocked the stock market, threw millions out of work, and isolated many Americans, especially older people who are more vulnerable to serious effects. While the market recovered many of its losses, not everyone was able to benefit.
Key Takeaways
- Older adults with lower incomes have a number of financial options available to help in retirement.
- Programs such as Medicare, Social Security, food stamps, Medicaid, and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are available to those who qualify.
- Older people with lower incomes may be able to find help with job training, housing, tax relief, and legal services.
- Many of the programs available to older people are at the state and local level.
- Growing vegetables and cooking meals at home can help substantially lower food bills.
Understanding Low Income in Retirement
How many people get to retirement with low income? The National Council on Aging tracks economic security for older adults and found that 15 million Americans over the age of 65 live below the poverty level of $29,160 per year. Millions of older adults are economically insecure as they struggle with issues such as inadequate nutrition and soaring healthcare costs.
If you (or a loved one) do nothave enough money to meet basic needs, you need to know about programs that can provide retirement assistance. At the same time, when the most immediate needs have been filled, it also makes sense to stand back and think about the next steps.
Order your copy of the print edition of Investopedia's Retirement Guide for more assistance in building the best plan for your retirement.
Government Benefits and Programs
You’re probably familiar with a number of the following programs that help lower-income retirees.
Social Security
Throughout your working years, you paid into Social Security. The average retiree received $1,772.51in monthly benefits as of March 2024.If your spouse passed away or you’re disabled, you may qualify for benefits, too. For many, Social Security is the cornerstone of their income, but it’s not meant to be the primary income source.
Medicare
You paid into Medicare during your working years, just as you did with Social Security. You should receive Part A benefits at zero cost. Premiums for Part B and C will vary. Part D, better known as the prescription coverage part, has a low-income subsidy called Extra Help.
Extra Help
Older people receiving Medicare Part D coverage may receive assistance from the Extra Help plan worth about $5,000 annually. Married couples living together must have a combined worth of $30,660 or less, and single people must have $22,590 or less, to qualify for this plan.
Medicaid
Medicaid, not Medicare, is where you go if you need assistance with medical costs. The program provides coverage for “children, pregnant women, parents, seniors, and individuals with disabilities,” provided you are under certain income limits. You can receive Medicare and Medicaid benefits at the same time.
Food Stamps
Older adults are eligible for the food stamp program, which is now titled the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). You must apply in the state in which you live and meet specific income and resources criteria.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
SSI is not Social Security. Instead, it’s a public assistance program that provides aid to the aged, blind, or disabled and is intended to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter.
Benefitscheckup.org
Benefitscheckup.org is a website sponsored by the National Council on Aging that includes information on more than 2,500 public and private assistance programs for adults over 55, including nutrition, legal, housing, and education. Complete the short form, and the site will list any programs that may apply to you.
Eldercare Locator
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services sponsors Eldercare, a website similar to the above. Enter your city or zip code, and the site returns local assistance programs available to you.
Commodity Supplemental Food Program
The U.S. Department of Agriculture administers the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP). Similar to food stamps, this program is available to people at least 60 years old and is administered at the state level.
Tax Relief
Older adults may be eligible for tax relief, often on property or real estate taxes, vehicle license fees, and solid waste fees. Certain income caps may apply, and each state has varying laws and eligibility requirements. You may also apply for a federal tax credit if your income falls below certain levels.
Senior Community Service Employment Program
The United States Department of Labor administers the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP), a program that provides training and part-time job placement for people age 55 and up under certain income limits. Jobs pay minimum wage but serve as a way to provide training that may lead to a better job in the future.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
The Housing Choice Voucher Program (HCVP) offers assistance for anybody living in certain properties run by local public housing agencies. Vouchers are income-based and often have a long waiting list (two to five years).Your local government office has all the details.
Other Help for Older Adults
Internet and Broadband Support
There are also a number of programs that help older adults afford internet services if they are priced out of reach, as can be the case in rural areas especially. Your local provider may even offer one of these plans.
Low-Cost Legal Services
Many attorneys and practices will provide legal services to older people for free or at a discounted rate.
Utilities Assistance
Many utility companies around the country provide assistance programs to older people who can’t afford to pay their utility bills. Contact your utility company and ask whether it has an assistance program. If not, the company might suggest other ways to lower your utility bills.
Living a Low-Cost Lifestyle
Spending less isn’t just about government or private programs, and you can build in a lot of fun. You now have time to smell the roses—and even grow some—in your own garden or a community garden. You can grow vegetables, too, and those vegetables can replace some of what you buy at the supermarket.
With a little creativity, you can create four meals out of one broiler chicken, for example—plus healthy soup from the bones. Set to work polishing your cooking skills or learning some new ones, because cutting back on takeout and restaurant meals can save you a lot of money.
If you live near a university, you can attend free student concerts, art shows, and lectures. Some volunteer programs include lunch for the volunteers—and they’re a good way to meet new people in your community, even if you didn’t move after you retired.
Older adults are entitled to many different discounts for things such as transportation and entertainment, including many deals you might not know about.
The best exercise, if you can manage it, is walking, and all you need are adequate shoes. Look into the Silver Sneakers fitness programs, sponsored through many Medicare health plans in more than 15,000 locations. These programs allow you to work out at home or at the gym with friends, and offer access to many different instructor-led fitness classes.
Controlling Your Finances
If you haven’t done so already, take control of your retirement finances. If you’re married, make sure both spouses are involved, because one of you will probably have to take the primary role at some point. It’s important to discuss everything thoroughly, especially when money is tight and there isn’t much room to recover from mistakes.
This is also the time to discuss whether you plan to stay where you are or relocate to a smaller home or less expensive community. The factors to consider are too numerous to list, but try to discuss them as fully and early in your retirement as possible.
What Happens If You Don't Retire at 65?
If you delay retirement past age 65, you can take home more in Social Security each month, as the benefits increase the longer you put off claiming them until age 70. Continuing to work past 65 might also increase your benefits, because Social Security uses your earnings and years of work to calculate what you'll receive.
What's a Good Monthly Income in Retirement?
The median income for retirees in the U.S. is TK. Whether that's the right amount to be a "good" monthly income for your specific situation depends on your expenses and goals for how you'll spend time and money in retirement.
When Should I Start Collecting Social Security?
You can start collecting Social Security at age 62 if you want—but you'll get a bigger monthly benefit if you can hold off for a few years. The maximum monthly benefit is available to you if you delay retirement until age 70, if you can. For example, if you're born in 1960 or later, full retirement age is considered to be 67. If you retire before full retirement age, you'll get reduced benefits; retire early, at age 62, and your benefits are reduced by a full 30%. The Social Security Administration website explains how early retirement affects your benefits according to your birth date.
The Bottom Line
With a little bit of digging, older adults can find a host of targeted programs designed to assist with living expenses. Many of these programs are administered by your state or local government. Contact the appropriate government offices for more information or go to their websites. If you need help getting online, many public libraries have extensive computer facilities and staff trained to help you learn how to use it.
