NOPAT or Net Operating Profit after Tax is a profitability measure in which a company’s profit is calculated excluding the effect of leverage by assuming that the company does not have any debt in its capital and, in turn, ignores the interest payments and the tax advantage which companies get by issuing debt in their capital.
It considers the EBIT (Earnings before interest and taxes) and then deducts the adjustable tax amount. It is a common metric that is used for the assessment of Economic Value Added (EVA), which gives a good level of accuracy in operating efficiency calculation. However, it does not account for tax deductions received due to heavy debt.
Table of contents
NOPAT Meaning
NOPAT Explained
Formula
How To Calculate?
Examples
Calculator
Relevance And Use
NOPAT Video
Recommended Articles
NOPAT, or Net Operating Profit after Tax, is a profitability metric used to estimate a company's profit without factoring in the influence of leverage, assuming the company has no debt in its capital structure.
By excluding interest payments and tax benefits gained from issuing debt, NOPAT focuses solely on the company's operating performance.
This metric provides insights into a company's core operations by considering its performance after accounting for applicable taxes.
It serves as a meaningful representation of a company's operating profitability, providing a clear picture of its performance without the impact of debt-related financials.
NOPAT Explained
The financial term NOPAT stands for net operating profit after tax. It is a financial metric that reflects the level of the company’s performance through its primary operation after taking into consideration the taxes. It provides a very clear and precise view of the company’s operation and its efficiency level through assessment of its net operating profits.
The value is NOPATcalculation dependable because it excludes the impact of tax that may vary to a significant extent due to the impact of tax and laws and strategies that the company of the industry follows in the country where it is operating form. It is a common benchmark for measuring the efficiency of leveraged companies that have high debt level.For example, let’s say that EBIT is $40,000, and the adjustable tax is $8,000. Then the Net Operating Profit After Taxes would be = $(40,000 – 8,000) = $32,000.
However, the NOPATcalculation does not take into consideration the savings from taxes the company makes if it has a lot of debt. It gets tax considerations or deductions, which are not accounted for in the calculation.
Analysts and investors in the financial market can use this calculation for the purpose of evaluating the organization’s profitability and performance level. But sometimes the true picture may not get reflected since it may not consider some one-time charges or losses like mergers, acquisitions, etc.
The figure of company sales provides the investors and the management with top line performance measures but does not say anything about the operational effectiveness. Similarly, net income includes the tax savings from debt repayment in operating expenses. But NOPAT is a combination of both, that considers the performance level without the impact of leverage.
NOPAT Video Explanation
Formula
The net operating profit after tax formula measures the company's performance from its core operations after taking into consideration the applicable taxes and is calculated by multiplying the one minus tax rate by the company's operating income.
Mathematically, the net operating profit after tax formula is represented as below,
NOPAT Formula = EBIT * (1 – Tax rate)
Net Operating Profit After Tax Formula is also known as Net Operating Profit less adjusted Taxes (NOPLAT). It is to be noted that the formula for NOPATequation doesn’t include the one-time losses or charges. As such, it is a good representation of a company's operating profitability.
How To Calculate?
Now let us identify the various steps required to calculate the value as per the details below.
Firstly, the EBIT of the company is determined based on information available in the income statement. EBIT is calculated by deducting the cost of goods sold and operating expenses from the company's total revenue.
EBIT = Total revenue – Cost of goods sold– Operating expenses
Now, the company's tax rate is noted from the company's annual report. Next, the tax-adjusted value is calculated by subtracting the tax rate from one, i.e. (1 – Tax rate).
Finally, the formula for net operating profit after tax is derived by multiplying the EBIT with the value calculated in step 2, as shown above.
Examples
Let’s see some simple to advanced examples to understand NOPATequation better.
Let us consider an example for the calculation of NOPAT for a company called PQR Ltd, which is in the business of manufacturing customized roller skates for both professional and amateur skaters. At the end of the financial year, the company had generated $150,000 in total revenue and the following expenses.
Now, the operating income or EBIT of the company can be calculated as,,
EBIT = $150,000 - $70,000 - $25,000
= $55,000
Therefore, it can be calculated as,
NOPAT = $55,000 * (1 – 20%)
Therefore, the NOPATin finance of PQR Ltd is $44,000 for the given financial year.
Example #2
Let us take the real-life example of Apple Inc.'sannual reporton 2016, 2017, and 2018. Calculate the NOPAT for Apple Inc. based on the following available information:
EBIT
Now, the EBIT of Apple Inc. can be calculated as,
EBIT (in Millions) = Net sales-Cost of sales – Research and development expense – Selling, general and administrative expense.
EBIT forSep 24, 2016
=$2,15,639 -$1,31,376 -$10,045 -$14,194
=$60,024
EBIT forSep 30, 2017
=$2,29,234 -$1,41,048 -$11,581 -$15,261
=$61,344
EBIT forSep 29, 2018
= $265,595 -$163,756 -$14,236 - $16,705
= $70,898
Now, the calculation of NOPATin finance of Apple Inc. for Sep 24, 2016 is as follows,
Calculation of NOPAT for Sep 24, 2016
NOPAT Formula = $45,687 * (1 – 35.00%)
= $39,016
Calculation for Sep 30, 2017
NOPAT = $61,344 * (1 – 35.00%)
= $39,874
Calculation of NOPAT for Sep 29, 2018
NOPAT = $70,898 * (1 – 24.50%)
= $53,527.99 ~ $53,528
Therefore, Apple Inc.’s NOPAT stood at $53,528 Mn for the financial year ended on 29th September 2018.
We note that the EBIT of Colgate in 2016 was $3,837 million
The EBIT above does contain noncash items like Depreciation and Amortization, Restructuring costs, etc. However, non-recurring items like restructuring costs need to be adjusted for calculating NOPAT.
Below are Colgate's restructuring costs from its 10K filings.
Colgate’s restructuring charges in 2016 = $228 million
Adjusted EBIT = EBIT + Restrucutring Expenses
Adjusted EBIT (2016) = $3,837 million + $228 million = $4,065 million
Let us now calculate the tax rate required for calculating NOPAT.
We can directly calculate the effective tax rates from the income statement.
NOPAT (2016) = $4,065 million x (1-0.3082) = $2,812 million
Calculator
You can use the following calculator.
Relevance And Use
The formula for net operating profit after tax is a profitability metric that helps assess how a company is operating efficiently, calculated by measuring profit that is adjusted for the costs and tax benefits of debt financing. NOPAT provides such a view that it is not affected by the company's leverage or the massive bank loan on its books. Such adjustment is essential because these interest payments on debt shrink the net income, which eventually reduces the company's tax expense. Therefore, the formula for NOPAT helps an analyst view how well the core operations of a company are performing (net of taxes). It is a profitability calculation measured in terms of dollars and not in percentages like most other financial terms.
However, there remains a limitation of the NOPATaccounting that it is particularly useful when comparing similar companies in the same industry. Since it only measures profit in terms of dollar amount, investors and other financial users usually find it difficult to use this metric to compare differently sized (small & medium enterprise, mid-corporate, and large corporate) companies within an industry.
NOPAT Vs Net Income
Both the above are two different financial metric that are widely used in the assessment of financial performance of a business. However, there are some differences between the two interims of calculation and purpose. Let us identify the differences.
The former shows the profit from the company’s main operations after tax, but the latter show the profit after tax and also after considering all expenses.
The former is calculated by taking the earning before interest and tax (EBIT) and then deducting the tax part from it. However, the latter is calculated by deducting all expenses from the total revenue.
The former is widely used in financial analysis and valuation model like cash flow analysis or economic value added(EVA) computation, but the latter indicates the company’s financial health, which is reported in the income statement.
Unlike, NOPATaccounting, net income gives a comprehensive view of the financial level of the business since expenses are also accounted for.
Therefore the above are some of the basic differences between the two standards.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is NOPAT vs. EBIT?
NOPAT stands for Net Operating Profit After Tax, representing a company's operating profit after deducting taxes but before considering interest expense. Conversely, EBIT stands for Earnings Before Interest and Taxes, representing a company's operating profit before interest and tax expenses are factored in. While both metrics assess operating performance, NOPAT focuses solely on operating profitability by excluding the impact of taxes.
2. What is the difference between NOPAT and NOPLAT?
NOPAT and NOPLAT both measure a company's operating profitability, but the key difference lies in their treatment of non-operating items. NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) excludes interest and tax expenses. At the same time, NOPLAT (Net Operating Profit Less Adjusted Taxes) also adjusts for non-operating tax items like tax credits and deferrals. NOPLAT provides a more comprehensive view of operating profitability by further adjusting for non-operational tax effects.
3. Why is NOPAT used in ROIC?
NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) is used in Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) calculations because it represents the true operating profitability of a company. ROIC aims to assess a company's efficiency in generating returns from its invested capital, excluding the impact of taxes. Using NOPAT, the metric focuses solely on operating performance and provides a clearer understanding of how well a company utilizes its capital to generate profits.
Recommended Articles
This article has been a guide to NOPAT and its meaning. We explain its formula and how to calculate it, differences with net income, examples & calculator. Here we discuss the formula to calculate NOPAT using practical examples & a downloadable excel template. You can learn more about financial analysis from the following articles –
Introduction: My name is Merrill Bechtelar CPA, I am a clean, agreeable, glorious, magnificent, witty, enchanting, comfortable person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.
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