New crypto tax reporting obligations took effect on new year’s day (2024)

Here’s what you need to know and what we’re doing about it

by Jerry Brito

We wish you all a very happy new year! Unfortunately, the new year also brings a new law that is not only unconstitutional but also virtually impossible to comply with as a result of inaction from the IRS. It is important that every crypto user is aware of the pitfalls that have been created as this law is now in effect.

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which passed Congress in November of 2021, included a provision amending the Tax Code to require anyone who receives $10,000 or more in cryptocurrency in the course of their trade or business to make a report to the IRS about that transaction. The report must include, among other things, the name, address, and Social Security number of the person from whom the funds were received, the amount received, and the date and nature of the transaction. If you don’t file a report within 15 days of receiving the transaction, you could be found guilty of a felony offense.

This law became effective on January 1st and all Americans are now subject to it. It is a self-executing law, meaning that there is no requirement for any additional regulatory action or implementation by a government agency for it to be enforced. Once it was passed and signed into law, it was immediately operational and enforceable on its effective date, which in this case was January 1, 2024.

New crypto tax reporting obligations took effect on new year’s day (1)

In June of 2022, Coin Center filed suit against the Treasury Department challenging the constitutionality of the new law, but that case is still in the courts. Therefore, as of today, if you receive more than $10,000 in cryptocurrency in the course of your trade or business, you have to file a report within 15 days under penalty of law. Department of Justice lawyers have suggested in their court briefing that the law might not be effective before the Treasury Department issues regulations, but the IRS has never said that, and the statute itself appears by its terms to be in effect.

The problem is many will find it difficult to comply with what is supposedly a straightforward (if unconstitutional) new obligation. For example, if a miner or validator receives block rewards in excess of $10,000, whose name, address, and Social Security number do they report? If you engage in an on-chain decentralized exchange of crypto for crypto and you therefore receive $10,000 in cryptocurrency, who do you report? And by what standard should you measure whether an amount of a particular cryptocurrency is equivalent to more than $10,000? The law is silent on this matter and the IRS has not issued any guidance answering these and other questions.

More to the point, where do you even send your report? The law says that one must make a report “in such form as the Secretary [of the Treasury] may prescribe.” The Secretary requires “cash” to be reported using Form 8300, but has not explained how cryptocurrency, which is now a form of “cash” under the law, should be reported on this form.

More importantly, Form 8300 is today sent to FinCEN as well as the IRS. Unlike with physical cash transactions, FinCEN has no authority to collect reports concerning cryptocurrency transactions, so one cannot be required to send Form 8300 there. We’ve previously explained this in detail, as well as many other problems with the new law, in a short report.

It’s unclear what will happen. Will the IRS issue guidance or an updated form and submission process anytime soon? If not, people who receive qualifying amounts will find themselves in an odd position and will no doubt try to comply by notifying the IRS in any number of ways just to demonstrate good will.

It’s no doubt only a matter of time before someone either buys a table sponsorship for our annual dinner or makes a contribution of $10,000 or more to Coin Center in cryptocurrency, and then we’ll be on the hook for complying and will have to figure out a way to do so. The really tricky nature of this requirement will become clear when someone makes such a donation, but does so anonymously by simply sending us Bitcoin or Ether to our public addresses. Who could we possibly list as the sender in that case? These are all questions the Treasury Department has yet to answer.

In the meantime we just wanted to make sure you were aware of these new obligations that came into effect with the new year. We’ll continue to fight this law in court and work to figure out how compliance can be possible in the meantime.

New crypto tax reporting obligations took effect on new year’s day (2024)

FAQs

New crypto tax reporting obligations took effect on new year’s day? ›

That provision, which took effect on Jan. 1, 2024, amends the U.S. tax code “to require anyone who receives $10,000 or more in cryptocurrency in the course of their trade or business to make a report to the IRS [the U.S. Internal Revenue Service] about that transaction,” Brito noted.

Did the new crypto tax reporting obligations take effect on New Year's Day? ›

This is part of the new tax reporting obligations that took effect on January 1, 2024, after the infrastructure bill signed into law by United States President Joe Biden in November 2021. Those who fail to file a report within 15 days of a transaction could be charged with a felony offense.

What are the IRS rules for crypto in 2024? ›

As of 2024, this annual gift tax exclusion amount is $18,000 per recipient. If the value of the cryptocurrency gift exceeds this exclusion amount, the donor is required to report the gift on Form 709, U.S. Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return.

What are the new cryptocurrency reporting requirements? ›

Individuals who receive digital assets as part of compensation must report the value of the assets received as wages. The value of digital assets received by the individual, whether as a W-2 employee or an independent contractor, must be reported on the individual's Form 1040.

Has a new crypto tax law become effective in the US? ›

A new tax reporting law has entered into force in the U.S. Starting on Jan. 1, all Americans receiving $10,000 or more in crypto in the course of their trade or business must file a report with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) within 15 days.

How does New Year affect crypto? ›

Bitcoin tends to tumble in the weeks leading up to Lunar New Year and performs well through the Spring Festival.

Will I get in trouble for not reporting crypto on taxes? ›

If you've forgotten to report crypto on past returns, don't panic. You may be able to amend your returns using Form 1040-X. It's better to file cryptocurrency taxes late than not at all. Failure to claim crypto on your taxes risks penalties, interest, and even criminal charges.

Will IRS track crypto? ›

Yes, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies can be traced. Transactions are recorded on a public ledger, making them accessible to anyone, including government agencies. Centralized exchanges provide customer data, such as wallet addresses and personal information, to the IRS.

What are the new IRS rules for cryptocurrency? ›

You must report income, gain, or loss from all taxable transactions involving virtual currency on your Federal income tax return for the taxable year of the transaction, regardless of the amount or whether you receive a payee statement or information return.

What crypto transactions need to be reported to IRS? ›

Anyone who sold crypto, received it as payment or had other digital asset transactions needs to accurately report it on their tax return.

At what point do I need to report crypto on taxes? ›

Because the IRS treats crypto and other digital assets as property, taxable events only occur when you realize capital gains or losses through swaps, trades, sales for fiat, or other methods of disposal. If you receive crypto as income, or income through crypto from methods such as staking, you'll need to report.

Do you have to report crypto under $600? ›

You owe taxes on any amount of profit or income, even $1. Crypto exchanges are required to report income of more than $600, but you still are required to pay taxes on smaller amounts. Do you need to report taxes on Bitcoin you don't sell? If you buy Bitcoin, there's nothing to report until you sell.

Did new crypto tax reporting obligations take effect on january 1? ›

Conversation. New crypto tax reporting obligations took effect on Jan 1. If you receive $10k or more in crypto you now have an obligation to report the transaction (including names, addresses, SS numbers, etc.) to the IRS within 15 days under threat of a felony charge.

What is the crypto tax rule in 2024? ›

‍Short-term capital gains tax: If you've held your cryptocurrency for less than a year, your disposals will be subject to short-term capital gains tax. For tax purposes, this is treated the same as ordinary income and can range from 10% - 37% depending on your income level.

Which crypto exchanges don't report to the IRS? ›

Certain cryptocurrency exchanges and apps do not report user transactions to the IRS. These include decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms that do not have reporting obligations under US tax law.

How long do I have to report crypto on taxes? ›

Ordinary crypto taxable income should be included on 1040 Schedule 1 or with Schedule C for self-employment earnings. US taxpayers should include these forms with their Individual Income Tax Return Form 1040 by the tax deadline, typically April 15th.

How is crypto taxed after a year? ›

Long-term capital gains on profits from crypto held for more than a year have a 0-20% rate. The IRS considers crypto to be property, and taxes it accordingly.

How does the IRS know if you made money on crypto? ›

Yes, the IRS can track crypto as the agency has ordered crypto exchanges and trading platforms to report tax forms such as 1099-B and 1099-K to them. Also, in recent years, several exchanges have received several subpoenas directing them to reveal some of the user accounts.

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