Is Planet Earth Running Out Of Helium? (2024)

It's frankly a bit of a let-down.

Is Planet Earth Running Out Of Helium? (4)

Eleanor Higgs

Is Planet Earth Running Out Of Helium? (5)

Eleanor Higgs

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Eleanor is a content creator and social media assistant with an undergraduate degree in zoology and a master’s degree in wildlife documentary production.

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Is Planet Earth Running Out Of Helium? (7)

Apart from being a children's favorite for making your voice squeaky at the end of a birthday party, helium has lots of surprising and very unusual qualities and applications in the world. Despite being the second most abundant element in the universe, helium is actually pretty rare on Earth and it’s only getting more so. But are we really running out?

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Helium is produced by the natural decay of radioactive uranium and thorium, but this process takes billions of years. Helium is currently collected from pockets of underground natural gas, as a by-product of the natural gas extraction process.

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However, because helium is so light, any escaped gas – either from the containers or from the process itself – is eventually floated to the edge of our atmosphere where it is blown away from Earth by solar winds. This is why helium is often described as the only true nonrenewable resource, according to the American Chemistry Society. So long, helium.

"It takes many, many millennia to make the helium that's here on the Earth," Sophia Hayes, a chemist at Washington University in St. Louis, told NPR. "It's the one element out of the entire periodic table that escapes the Earth and goes out into outer space."

Helium is useful because it stays incredibly cold – it has the lowest boiling point of any element at -268.9°C (-452°F). This property makes it especially good for things like cooling the superconducting magnets found in MRI machines, and even powering space rockets. The Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland needs around 120 metric tons of helium per week to keep it running, according to Bloomberg.

“Helium is a nonrenewable resource. NASA and SpaceX need helium for liquid fuel rockets. The MRI industry needs helium. The pharmaceutical industry is reliant on helium. And so is the Department of Defense,” Bill Halperin, a professor of physics at Northwestern University, told NBC News.

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The Federal Helium Reserve in the USA, established in the 1920s for blimps, has supplied around 40 percent of the world’s helium, but the future of this plant is uncertain. The reserve was supposed to have been for sale for the last few years but numerous delays have occurred. Now, though, it looks like the supply could finally be sold to private industry in the next several months, with an unknown impact on the helium supply chain.

Only a small handful of other countries have significant sources of helium, including Qatar, Tanzania, and Algeria. Russia was also supposed to open a new helium factory, but a fire and the war in Ukraine has made the plans uncertain.

Estimates vary as to just how much helium the world has left and how long it will last. In 2019, David Cole-Hamilton, emeritus professor of chemistry at the University of St Andrews, told the Independent that he estimated that the world had around 10 years left of helium unless more effort was put into recycling. Others suggest between 100 and 200 years of helium usage could be a best estimate.

Regardless of the estimates, the knock-on effects to industry could be huge, not to mention the constant volatile nature of helium prices.

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All “explainer” articles are confirmed byfact checkersto be correct at time of publishing. Text, images, and links may be edited, removed, or added to at a later date to keep information current.

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Is Planet Earth Running Out Of Helium? (2024)

FAQs

Is Planet Earth Running Out Of Helium? ›

The good news, however, is that there's more helium in other areas of the Earth (such as groundwater) than scientists previously thought. So while we are running down the helium stockpile, it looks like we will not be running out of helium anytime soon.

Is Earth running out of helium? ›

Yes, the Earth is running out of helium because it is a nonrenewable resource. This is how Total Helium brings value to its investors and other stakeholders, by performing the important work of helium exploration and storage. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, with hydrogen being the first.

What will replace helium? ›

Argon can be used instead of Helium and is favoured for some metals. Helium is used for many lighter-than-air applications, and Hydrogen is a possible substitute for many where the flammability of Hydrogen is not a concern.

Will we be OK without helium? ›

It would be foolish if it ran out, because the helium is necessary,” says Trønnes. Helium cools down magnets in MRI machines that examine people for cancer and other diseases. It is also used to make super-fast trains – such as the Shinkansen train in Japan.

Can helium be made artificially? ›

Can helium be made artificially? Helium can be found in abundance all over the universe. In fact, it is the second most abundant element known to man. Because of its chemical composition, it is not possible to produce helium artificially, which is why it is extracted from natural gas wells.

How many years of helium is left? ›

Others suggest between 100 and 200 years of helium usage could be a best estimate. Regardless of the estimates, the knock-on effects to industry could be huge, not to mention the constant volatile nature of helium prices. All “explainer” articles are confirmed by fact checkers to be correct at time of publishing.

How long until we have no helium? ›

Richardson said it has taken 4.7 billion years for the Earth to accumulate our Helium reserves. The United States' reserves were purchased in 1925 and will be gone in only a hundred years from getting it. Once the Helium is released into the atmosphere it is gone forever.

Can we replenish helium? ›

No, helium is a non-renewable resource. That is why the Federal Government stored 44 billion cubic feet of helium in a natural gas reservoir at Cliffside, just outside of Amarillo, Texas.

Why is helium being banned? ›

Balloons bobbing in the ocean are mistaken for food and swallowed by marine life. Other wildlife get tangled in the strings attached to the balloons. It is estimated that helium balloons rank 6th in debris harmful to marine life.

Can balloons float without helium? ›

So there you have it—balloons can indeed float without helium, but they work differently and have some drawbacks. If you want your balloon to float for a long time and stay in one place, then you're better off using helium. But if you're in a pinch and don't have any handy, then hot air will do the trick!

Are balloons a waste of helium? ›

Do we waste helium? This really depends on what one means by 'wasting', but in a simple sense, yes… nearly all the helium we use is done in a one-time fashion that is then released to the atmosphere. Balloons are obvious, but use of helium in MRIs and superconducting magnets also allows for the escape of the helium.

Can humans live off of helium? ›

Breathing in pure helium deprives the body of oxygen, as if you were holding your breath. If you couldn't breathe at all, you'd start to die in minutes—as soon as your body exhausted the supply of oxygen stored in the blood.

What caused the helium shortage? ›

According to Phil Kornbluth, president of Kornbluth Helium Consulting, the U.S. hasn't been able to tap into Russia's helium supply because of strained trade relations and the war in Ukraine.

Which country has the most helium? ›

Helium in the U.S.

Apart from being the world's main producer and one of the largest helium consumers, the U.S holds the most extensive helium reserves worldwide.

What happens when the Earth runs out of helium? ›

If our supply ran out, it could spell the end of MRI testing, LCD screens and birthday party balloons. Or it could make all of those things much more expensive. Although argon — another inert gas — can be substituted for helium for welding purposes, no other element can do what helium can do in super cold applications.

Can nuclear reactors make helium? ›

A fusion reactor produces helium, which is an inert gas. It also produces and consumes tritium within the plant in a closed circuit. Tritium is radioactive (a beta emitter) but its half life is short. It is only used in low amounts so, unlike long-lived radioactive nuclei, it cannot produce any serious danger.

Are we in a helium crisis? ›

But helium — a nonrenewable element found deep within the Earth's crust — is running low, leaving hospitals wondering how to plan for a future with a much scarcer supply. “Helium has become a big concern,” said Mahadevappa Mahesh, professor of radiology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore.

Is there a finite amount of helium on Earth? ›

There's a finite amount of helium on Earth. The largest reserves are in massive underground pockets in parts of Algeria, Qatar, Russia and the U.S. While the Texas stockpile is the largest source of helium in the U.S., it's not the only one.

What do we need helium for? ›

Helium is used to cool thermographic cameras and equipment used by search and rescue teams and medical personnel to detect and monitor certain physiological processes. Various industries use helium to detect gas leaks in their products. Helium is a safe tracer gas because it is inert.

Why is there no helium 3 on Earth? ›

Geochemical evidence indicates the Earth has deep reservoirs of helium-3, but their locations and abundances remain uncertain, they note. Earth's mantle lost most of its helium-3 during and after our Moon's impact formation, says Olson.

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