Contents
- 1 Latin
- 1.1 Etymology
- 1.2 Pronunciation
- 1.3 Adjective
- 1.3.1 Declension
- 1.3.2 Descendants
- 1.4 Noun
- 1.4.1 Declension
- 1.5 References
Latin
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Etymology
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Formed analogically (superus: supernus = īnferus: X).[1]
Pronunciation
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- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /inˈfer.nus/, [ĩːˈfɛrnʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈfer.nus/, [iɱˈfɛrnus]
Adjective
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īnfernus (feminine īnferna, neuter īnfernum); first/second-declension adjective
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | īnfernus | īnferna | īnfernum | īnfernī | īnfernae | īnferna | |
| Genitive | īnfernī | īnfernae | īnfernī | īnfernōrum | īnfernārum | īnfernōrum | |
| Dative | īnfernō | īnfernō | īnfernīs | ||||
| Accusative | īnfernum | īnfernam | īnfernum | īnfernōs | īnfernās | īnferna | |
| Ablative | īnfernō | īnfernā | īnfernō | īnfernīs | |||
| Vocative | īnferne | īnferna | īnfernum | īnfernī | īnfernae | īnferna | |
Descendants
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- Catalan: infern
- Dalmatian: infiarn
- Istriot: infierno
- Italian: inferno
- → Dutch: inferno
- → English: inferno
- → German: Inferno
- → Italiot Greek: ινφιέρνο (infiérno)
- → Norwegian: inferno
- → Swedish: inferno
- → Romanian: infern
- Old French: enfer, enfern
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: infiernu
- Old Occitan: enfern
- Old Galician-Portuguese: inferno, iferno
- Old Spanish: infierno
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Sardinian: iferru, iférru, ifernu
- Sicilian: nfernu, infernu
- → Maltese: infern
- → Albanian: ferr
- → Old Saxon: infern
- → Proto-Brythonic: *ifern
Noun
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- A clipping of the phrase īnfernus locus ("the nether place")
īnfernusm (genitive īnfernī); second declension
- the underworld, the netherworld
- the hell
Declension
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Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | īnfernus | īnfernī |
| Genitive | īnfernī | īnfernōrum |
| Dative | īnfernō | īnfernīs |
| Accusative | īnfernum | īnfernōs |
| Ablative | īnfernō | īnfernīs |
| Vocative | īnferne | īnfernī |
References
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- “infernus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “infernus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- infernus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- infernus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- ^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938) “īnfernus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 698
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