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Hilary Brueck, Quispe López, and Samantha Lee
- Tear gaswas invented a century ago, and has long been used as a weapon to control crowds.
- When tear gas gets into people's eyes, it can cause temporary blindness. Exposed skin often turns red and feels like its burning.
- Here's a step by step guide for what to do if you are exposed to tear gas, how to safely remove your clothing, and how to clean up.
- Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.
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Police officers have used tear gas against demonstrators in cities across the US since May, as people protest the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and other Black Americans at the hands of police.
Monday marked the 54th day of such protests in Portland, Oregon, where tear gas was deployedon protesters by federal police sent in by the Trump administration, in a move widely criticized as an abuse of federal power.
"Law enforcement has not learned, in terms of how to deploy tear gas, and in what situations," Justin Mazzola, Deputy Director of Research at Amnesty International USA, told Insider in June.
Though tear gas was classified as a chemical weapon in 1993, and five years later banned from use in international warfare, officers are still allowed to use it on civilians in the US.
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Tear "gas"is actually not a gas at all — it is a solid, white powder that can be aerosolized when mixed with a solvent. When it's mixed with water, sweat, and oils in the skin, it dissolves into a painful, acidic liquid that makes people cough and sneeze. Heat and humidity often make it feel even worse.
The most important thing to do immediately if you're tear-gassed is to move away from the cloud of gas.
"Stop the exposure," Dr. Rohini Haar,an emergency physician andcrowd-control weapons expert with Physicians for Human Rights, told Insider.
Here's a step by step guide on what to do next if you're exposed.
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Try to avoid coming in contact with the cloud of tear gas as much as possible. Close your mouth, and (if possible) your eyes, while seeking high ground, away from the chemical powder.
Tear gas will settle to the ground, so moving uphill and picking small children up off the ground helps.
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As quickly as possible, wash any riot control agent from your skin with large amounts of cool water. Take extra care to wash and lather your hands well with soap before you touch your face, so you won't hurt yourself again.
"Both tear gas and pepper spray are relatively safe, but they're just incredibly irritating when there are mucosal surfaces [inside the nose, mouth, and eyes] exposed to them," Dr. Dean Winslow, an infectious disease physician at Stanford Health Care, told Insider.
"Even on the skin, it can cause local irritation."
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If your eyes are burning or your vision is blurred, take off your glasses and take out contacts with clean hands, then rinse your eyes with plain water for several minutes.
Tilt your head so water rushes over your eyes instead of splashing your face.
"Even if it's just someone spraying you off with a hose and trying the best you can to wash it out of your eyes," Winslow said.
Make sure the water is clean in order to avoid infection.
(In a pinch, you can use other liquids that you have on hand — like milk — to rinse off, but they're not inherently any better for tear gas exposure than fresh water, and probably aren't as sterile.)
Clean your glasses thoroughly before putting them back on. Do not re-use contacts.
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Take off clothing that may have the chemicals on it as soon as possible, and leave other soiled items like shoes outside to air out.
It's a good idea to wash exposed clothes separately from your other laundry.
"The stuff can linger and last. It's not a gas that just vaporizes, it's actually a powder," Haar said. "So it can get stuck in the cloth, it can get stuck on your shoes, in your lungs. So it's best to get out of it, and then get cleaned up."
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Shower when you get home, using cool water to avoid further irritation. Do your best not to breathe in more tear gas during the shower, and keep your eyes closed. Wash your hair especially well.
Update: This story was originally published on June 3, 2020. It has been updated.
Read More:
Tear gas is banned from war — but police still shoot it at protesters, who cough and bleed as a result. At least one has lost an eye.
Police around the world have 'not learned' the appropriate times to use tear gas, according to an investigation across 22 countries
Coronavirus, protests, and you: Here's what experts say about how the virus might spread as more people demonstrate
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