If disaster strikes, you'll want enough homeowners insurance to rebuild the structure of your home, to help replace your belongings, to defray costs if you're unable to live in your home and to protect your financial assets in the event of liability to others. Use these guidelines to help determine the coverage and amounts you need.
Determine how much insurance you need for your home's structure
Standard homeowners policies provide coverage for disasters such as damage due to fire, lightning, hail and explosions. Those who live in areas where there is risk of flood or earthquake will need coverage for those disasters, as well. In every case, you'll want the limits on your policy to be high enough to cover the cost of rebuilding your home.
The price you paid for your home—or the current market price—may be more or less than the cost to rebuild. And if the limit of your insurance policy is based on your mortgage (as some banks require), it may not adequately cover the cost of rebuilding.
While your insurer will provide a recommended coverage limit for the structure of your home, it’s a good idea to educate yourself as well. To make sure your home has the right amount of structural coverage, consider:
Major factors that will impact home rebuilding costs
- Local construction costs
- The square footage of the structure
For a quick estimate of the amount of insurance you need, multiply the total square footage of your home by local, per-square-foot building costs. (Note that the land is not factored into rebuilding estimates.) To find out construction costs in your community, call your local real estate agent, builders association or insurance agent.
Details that can impact home rebuilding costs
- The type of exterior wall construction—frame, masonry (brick or stone) or veneer
- The style of the house, for example, ranch or colonial
- The number of bathrooms and other rooms
- The type of roof and materials used
- Other structures on the premises such as garages, sheds
- Special features such as fireplaces, exterior trim or arched windows
- Whether the house—or a part of it—was custom built
- Improvements you've made that have added value to your home, such as the addition of second bathroom, or a kitchen renovation
Other considerations
Is your home up to code?
Building codes are updated periodically and may have changed significantly since your home was built. In the event of damage, you may be required to rebuild your home to the new codes and homeowners insurance policies (even a guaranteed replacement cost policy—see below) generally won't pay for that extra expense. If you suspect that elements of your home are not up to current building codes, consider getting an endorsem*nt to your policy called an Ordinance or Law, which pays a specified amount toward bringing a house up to code during a covered repair.
If your home is older, will you need a policy to cover hard-to-replace features?
If you own an older home, you may have to buy a modified replacement cost policy. This means that instead of repairing or replacing features typical of older homes, such as plaster walls, with the same or closely similar materials, the policy will pay for repairs using today's standard building materials and construction techniques.
If costs rise for building materials, will your replacement coverage be enough?
Inflation can impact rebuilding costs. If you plan on owning your home for a while, consider adding an inflation guard clause to your policy. An inflation guard automatically adjusts the dwelling limit to reflect current construction costs in your area when you renew your insurance.
After a major catastrophe such as a hurricane, tornado, or wildfire construction costs may rise suddenly because the price of building materials and shortage of construction workers increase due to the widespread demand. This price bump may push rebuilding costs above your homeowners policy limits and leave you short. To protect against this possibility, extended replacement cost coverage endorsem*nt can pay an extra 5 to 25 percent above the limits (available through most insurance companies). A guaranteed replacement cost policy will pay whatever it costs to rebuild your home as it was before the disaster and is available through a limited number of insurance companies.
Determine how much insurance you need for your possessions
Most homeowners insurance policies provide coverage for your belongings at about 50 to 70 percent of the insurance on your dwelling. However, that standard amount may or may not be enough. To find out how much coverage you may need for your belongings, consider taking a few simple steps
Conduct a home inventory of your personal possessions
In order to accurately assess the value of what you own, it's highly advisable to conduct a home inventory. A detailed list of your belongings will not only help you figure out how much insurance you need, but it will also serve as a convenient record if you have a claim.
There are several apps available to help you take a home inventory, and our article on how to create a home inventory can help, as well.
While you're reviewing your possessions, think about whether you want to insure them for actual cash value (where the policy would pay less money for older items than you paid for them new) or for replacement cost (which would cover to replace the items). The price of replacement cost coverage for homeowners is about 10 percent more but is generally a worthwhile investment in the long run. (Note that flood insurance for belongings is only available on an actual cash value basis.)
Create a talley of your expensive items
There are limits on how much a standard homeowners insurance policy will cover for items such as jewelry, silverware, collectibles, and furs. For example, jewelry coverage may be limited to under $2,000. Some insurance companies may also place a limit on what they will pay for computers.
Check your policy (or ask your insurance professional) for the limits of your coverage for any expensive items. If your home inventory includes items for which the limits are too low, consider buying a special personal property floater or an endorsem*nt. This will allow you to insure valuables individually or as a collection, with significantly higher coverage limits.
Determine how much coverage for additional living expense insurance you may need
If you can't live in your home due to a fire, severe storm or other insured disaster, coverage for Additional Living Expenses (ALE) pays the costs of temporarily living elsewhere, including hotel bills, restaurant meals and other living expenses incurred while your home is being rebuilt.
If you rent out part of your house, this coverage also reimburses you for the rent that you would have collected from your tenant if your home had not been destroyed.
Many policies provide coverage for about 20 percent of the insurance on your house. However, ALE coverage limits vary from company to company, with some policies providing unlimited coverage for a limited amount of time. In contrast, others may only set limits on the amount of coverage.
Determine how much liability insurance you need
The liability portion of homeowners insurance covers you against lawsuits for bodily injury or property damage that you or family members or pets cause to other people, as well as court costs incurred and damages awarded.
Most homeowners insurance policies provide a minimum of $100,000 worth of liability insurance, but higher amounts are available and, increasingly, it is recommended that homeowners consider purchasing at least $300,000 to $500,000 worth of liability coverage.
If you own property and or have investments and saving that are worth more than the liability limits in your policy, consider purchasing a separate excess liability or umbrella policy.
Consider an umbrella or excess liability policy
Umbrella or excess liability policies provide coverage over and above your standard home (or auto) liability policy limits. These policies start to pay after you have used up the liability insurance in your underlying policy. In addition to providing additional dollar amount coverage, umbrella or excess liability often offers broader coverage than standard policies.
The cost of an umbrella policy depends on how much underlying insurance you have and the kind of risk you represent. The greater the underlying liability coverage you have, the cheaper the umbrella or excess policy. Most companies will require a minimum of $300,000 underlying liability insurance on your standard homeowners policy for umbrella coverage.
