Which Stock Rises and Which Stock Falls?
When one company acquires another, the stock prices of both entities tend to movetypically in the oppositedirection, at least over the short-term.In most cases, the target company's stock risesbecause the acquiring company pays apremiumfor theacquisition, in order to provide an incentive for the target company's shareholders to approve thetakeoverand to reflext the expected synergies and the strategic benefits of the acquisition.
The price of the target company rises even higher if there is speculation that another bidder may emerge. The form of payment for the acquisition can also affect the level of stock increase (cash, stock, or a combination). All-cash deals might be viewed more favorably from the target company side, while stock-for-stock deals could raise concerns about dilution.
Simply put, there's no motive for shareholders to greenlight such action if the takeover bid equates toalower stock price than thecurrent price of the target company.
Of course, there are exceptions to the rule. Namely: if a target company's stock price recently plummeted due to negative earnings, then being acquired at a discount may be the only path for shareholders to regain a portion of their investments back. This holds particularly true if the target company is saddled with large amounts of debt, and cannot obtain financingfromthe capital markets to restructure that debt.
Key Takeaways
- When one company acquires another, the stock price of the acquiring company tends to dip temporarily, while the stock price of the target company tends to spike.
- The acquiring company's share price drops because it often pays a premium for the target company, or incurs debt to finance the acquisition.
- The target company's short-term share price tends to rise because the shareholders only agree to the deal if the purchase price exceeds their company's current value.
- Over the long haul, an acquisition tends to boost the acquiring company's share price.
On the other side of the coin, the acquiring company's stock typically falls immediately following an acquisition event. This is because the acquiring company often pays a premium forthe target company, exhausting its cash reserves and/or taking on significant debt in the process. But there are many other reasons an acquiring company's stock price may fallduring an acquisition, including:
- Investors believe thepremium paid for the target company is too high.
- There are problems integratingdifferent workplace cultures.
- Regulatory issues complicate the merger timeline.
- Management power struggles hamper productivity.
- Additional debt or unforeseen expensesare incurred as a result of the purchase.
It's important to remember that although the acquiring company may experience a short-term drop in stock price, in the long run, it's share price should flourish, as long as its management properly valued the target company and efficiently integrates the two entities.
Pre-Acquisition Volatility
Stock prices of potential target companies tendto rise well before a merger oracquisitionhas officially been announced. Even a whispered rumor of a merger can trigger volatility that can be profitable for investors, who often buy stocks based on the expectation of a takeover. However, there are potential risks in doing this because if a takeover rumor fails to come true, the stock price of the target company can precipitously drop, leaving investors in the lurch.
Generally speaking, a takeover suggests that the acquiring company's executiveteam feels optimistic about the target company's prospects for long-termearnings growth. More broadly speaking, an influx of mergers and acquisitions activity is oftenviewed by investors as apositive market indicator.
When A Company Is Bought, What Happens to the Stock?
The stock of the company that has been bought tends to rise since the acquiring company has likely paid a premium on its shares as a way to entice stockholders. However, there are some instances when the newly acquired company sees its shares fall on the merger news. That often occurs when the target company had been going through financial turmoil and, as a result, was bought at a discount.
When One Company Buys Another, Why Does Its Stock Fall?
The acquiring company's stock tends to slide in the short term because it has paid a premium for the target company, using up some of itscash reserves or perhaps taking on debt. Sometimes the stock slides because investors don't think the merger is a good idea, or that the acquiring company overpaid relative to the target's value.
Is a Merger the Same as an Acquisition?
In a merger, companies that are of comparable size agree to combine to form a new, unified company, whereas, in an acquisition, a larger or more stable company typically purchases a smaller or less financially sound company. Mergers more often involve stock-for-stock deals versus acquisitions, which are frequently cash buyouts. A merger tends to affect shareholders in the same way as an acquisition. In both mergers and acquisitions, the target company's shares typically rise after the deal announcement, while the purchasing company's shares temporarily slide.
