Handoff in Cellular Telecommunications - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

What is Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)?

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications(DECT) is one of the applications of computer networks that comes under wireless networks widely used for both domestic and business purposes. It is designed for short-range which acts as an access method to major networks. Due to the flexible nature of DECT, it becomes a widely used application around th

Importance of CDMA in Today’s Cellular World

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA was developed by QUALCOMM. This technology is used in UHF (ultra-high-frequency) cellular phone systems in the 800 megahertz (MHz) and 1.9 gigahertz (GHz) bands. It is basically a form of complexing, which allows numerous signals to copy a single transmission channel, without exceeding the availab

Cellular Networks

A Cellular Network is formed of some cells. The cell covers a geographical region and has a base station analogous to 802.11 AP which helps mobile users attach to the network and there is an air interface of physical and data link layer protocol between mobile and base station. All these base stations are connected to the Mobile Switching Center wh

Difference between 2G and 3G Cellular Network

The current most developed versions of the cellular networks include 2G and 3G mobile communication networks which mark different generations of new technology in society. 2G, also known as second-generation networks employed digital signalling and offered simple data facilities like Short Messaging Service and restricted Internet connectivity boos

Difference between Cellular and Ad hoc network

The Cellular type of wireless communication network and the Ad hoc type of wireless communication network are two different categories that are used for number of different functions. Although both facilitate wireless communications, they are structurally, functionally, and application-wise vastly distinct. It is also important to have knowledge on

Difference between Cellular and Wi-Fi Networks

Cellular Networks and Wifi networks both access the internet. But they are different. A cellular network where we access the internet and voice calls on mobile devices but it uses mobile towers to enable communication between mobile devices while a Wi-Fi network provides a high internet speed but the thing is that internet access is only available

Computer Network Tutorial

A computer network is a collection of computers or devices connected to share resources. Any device which can share or receive the data is called a Node. Through which the information or data propagate is known as channels, It can be guided or unguided. In this Computer network tutorial, you’ll learn basic to advanced concepts like the Basics of co

Difference Between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model

Data communication is a process or act in which we can send or receive data. Understanding the fundamental structures of networking is crucial for anyone working with computer systems and communication. For data communication two models are available, the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model, and the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Intern

Data Link Layer

The data link layer is the second layer from the bottom in the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network architecture model. It is responsible for the node-to-node delivery of data. Its major role is to ensure error-free transmission of information. DLL is also responsible for encoding, decoding, and organizing the outgoing and incoming data. This

Data Communication - Definition, Components, Types, Channels

Transferring data over a transmission medium between two or more devices, systems, or places is known as data communication. Nowadays, computing and telecommunications depend heavily on this data transmission, which makes a variety of applications conceivable, including email, video chatting, the Internet, and many more things. In this article, we

Top 50 Plus Networking Interview Questions and Answers for 2024

Networking is defined as connected devices that may exchange data or information and share resources. A computer network connects computers to exchange data via a communication media. Computer networking is the most often asked question at leading organizations such Cisco, Accenture, Uber, Airbnb, Google, Nvidia, Amazon, and many others. To get int

Types of Computer Networks

A computer network is a cluster of computers over a shared communication path that works to share resources from one computer to another, provided by or located on the network nodes. In this article, we will discuss computer networks and their types. What is a Computer Network?A computer network is a system that connects many independent computers

Cryptography and its Types

Cryptographyis a technique of securing communication by converting plain text into ciphertext. It involves various algorithms and protocols to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. In this article, we will discuss cryptography and its types. What is Cryptography?Cryptography is a technique of securing informa

Difference Between IPv4 and IPv6

The address through which any computer communicates with our computer is simply called an Internet Protocol Address or IP address. For example, if we want to load a web page or download something, we require the address to deliver that particular file or webpage. That address is called an IP Address. There are two versions of IP: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv

Differences between TCP and UDP

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) both are protocols of the Transport Layer Protocols. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol whereas UDP is a part of the Internet Protocol suite, referred to as the UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol. In this article, we will discuss the diffe

Types of Transmission Media

Transmission media refer to the physical pathways through which data is transmitted from one device to another within a network. These pathways can be wired or wireless. The choice of medium depends on factors like distance, speed, and interference. In this article, we will discuss the transmission media. What is Transmission Media? A transmission

Hamming Code in Computer Network

Hamming code is an error-correcting code used to ensure data accuracy during transmission or storage. Hamming code detects and corrects the errors that can occur when the data is moved or stored from the sender to the receiver. This simple and effective method helps improve the reliability of communication systems and digital storage. It adds extra

TCP 3-Way Handshake Process

The TCP 3-Way Handshake is a fundamental process that establishes a reliable connection between two devices over a TCP/IP network. It involves three steps: SYN (Synchronize), SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge), and ACK (Acknowledge). During the handshake, the client and server exchange initial sequence numbers and confirm the connection establishmen

TCP/IP Model

The TCP/IP model is a fundamental framework for computer networking. It stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, which are the core protocols of the Internet. This model defines how data is transmitted over networks, ensuring reliable communication between devices. It consists of four layers: the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, t

What is OSI Model? - Layers of OSI Model

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection , where open stands to say non-proprietary. It is a 7-layer architecture with each layer having specific functionality to perform. All these 7 layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe. The OSI reference model was developed by ISO - 'International Organiz

Basics of Computer Networking

Computer networking is a cornerstone of modern technology, enabling the interconnected systems that power the Internet, business communications, and everyday digital interactions. Understanding the fundamentals of computer networking is essential for anyone involved in technology, from enthusiasts to professionals. This article will explore the bas

Transmission Modes in Computer Networks (Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex)

Transmission modes also known as communication modes, are methods of transferring data between devices on buses and networks designed to facilitate communication. They are classified into three types: Simplex Mode, Half-Duplex Mode, and Full-Duplex Mode. In this article, we will discuss we will discuss Transmission Modes. What is Transmission Modes

RSA Algorithm in Cryptography

RSA algorithm is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm. Asymmetric means that it works on two different keys i.e. Public Key and Private Key. As the name describes the Public Key is given to everyone and the Private key is kept private. An example of asymmetric cryptography: A client (for example browser) sends its public key to the server and reque

Types of Network Topology

Network topology refers to the arrangement of different elements like nodes, links, or devices in a computer network. It defines how these components are connected and interact with each other. Understanding various types of network topologies helps in designing efficient and robust networks. Common types include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree top

Domain Name System (DNS) in Application Layer

The Domain Name System (DNS) is like the internet's phone book. It helps you find websites by translating easy-to-remember names (like www.example.com) into the numerical IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to locate each other on the internet. Without DNS, you would have to remember long strings of numbers to visit your favorite websi

Caesar Cipher in Cryptography

The Caesar Cipher is one of the simplest and oldest methods of encrypting messages, named after Julius Caesar, who reportedly used it to protect his military communications. This technique involves shifting the letters of the alphabet by a fixed number of places. For example, with a shift of three, the letter 'A' becomes 'D', 'B' becomes 'E', and s

Error Detection in Computer Networks

Error is a condition when the receiver's information does not match the sender's. Digital signals suffer from noise during transmission that can introduce errors in the binary bits traveling from sender to receiver. That means a 0 bit may change to 1 or a 1 bit may change to 0. Data (Implemented either at the Data link layer or Transport Layer of

Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateways and Brouter)

Network Devices: Network devices, also known as networking hardware, are physical devices that allow hardware on a computer network to communicate and interact with one another. For example Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, Routers, Gateway, Brouter, and NIC, etc. 1. Repeater - A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to amplifies (i.e.,

Introduction of Classful IP Addressing

An IP address is an address that has information about how to reach a specific host, especially outside the LAN. An IP address is a 32-bit unique address having an address space of 232. Classful IP addressing is a way of organizing and managing IP addresses, which are used to identify devices on a network. Think of IP addresses like street addresse