Debts Owed to vs. Debts Owed by the U.S. (2024)

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  • Debts Owed by the US and Owed to the US

Debts Owed to vs. Debts Owed by the U.S. (1)

Americans are bombarded – by the news and their government representatives – with the fact that foreign countries owe us a lot of money. We’re also told the reverse, too, which is that we owe foreign countries a lot of money. But do you know the real facts about who owes who, and how much? It might surprise you to know that America is owed a lot more money than it owes. Despite substantial debts that America owes to countries like China and Japan, they owe us money as well.

Debts Owed to vs. Debts Owed by the U.S. (2)Debts Owed by the US and Owed to the US infographic

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Debts and Debtors of the US Government

To Which Countries Does the United States Owe Money? (Major foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities, in billions of dollars. Numbers current as of the end of December, 2016)
Country NameValue of Holdings (Billions of $)
Total6,003.9
All Other (Place this on the United States itself)482.5
Japan1,090.8
Mainland China1,058.4
Ireland288.2
Cayman Islands263.5
Brazil259.2
Switzerland229.3
Luxembourg223.4
United Kingdom217.1
Hong Kong191.4
Taiwan189.3
Belgium120.4
India118.2
Saudi Arabia102.8
Singapore102.2
South Korea93.2
Russia86.1
Canada83.0
Germany82.2
Thailand66.0
Bermuda64.0
France60.8
United Arab Emirates60.6
Turkey59.1
Netherlands57.4
Norway52.5
Mexico47.1
Italy39.8
Sweden38.7
Philippines38.5
Spain38.3
Australia34.6
Poland34.0
Israel31.6
Which Countries Owe Money to the United States? (Value of U.S. holdings of foreign securities, in billions of dollars. Numbers current as of the end of December, 2015)
Country NameValue of U.S. Holdings (Billions of $)
Total9,454.8
All Other (Place this on the United States itself)612.4
United Kingdom1,239.5
Cayman Islands1,217.1
Japan821.6
Canada705.3
Ireland498.3
France473.6
Switzerland419.7
Netherlands404.1
Germany377.8
Australia296.0
Bermuda216.6
South Korea171.1
Mexico147.6
Sweden137.5
Hong Kong136.0
India130.0
Luxembourg127.6
Brazil116.2
Spain115.2
Mainland China107.7
Taiwan107.7
Italy106.5
Singapore98.9
Jersey92.4
Denmark90.1
Israel79.8
Curacao70.1
Belgium68.2
South Africa62.9
British Virgin Islands62.7
Norway57.9
Indonesia47.1
Russia39.6

Sources:
https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/tic/Pages/ticsec2.aspx
https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/tic/Pages/fpis.aspx
http://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/shca2015_report.pdf
http://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/mfh.txt

It’s not just the amount of money that America owes that has her citizens so concerned, either. A big part of this discussion is who American owes money to. For a long time, the biggest holder of U.S. debt was China. But did you know that in late 2016, Japan overtook China as the biggest foreign holder of U.S. debt? Japan and China are, by far, the two biggest holders of U.S. debt – but the top five is filled with countries that you might not expect. How about Ireland, the Cayman Islands, and Brazil? Did you expect them to be substantial holders of U.S. debt?

Then there are the countries that owe America money. Even though Japan holds the biggest amount of U.S. debt, the U.S. is also owed a lot of money by them too. Debts and investments are reciprocal relationships. Debts are often created as a natural part of doing international business. So they aren’t always as big, bad, and scary as people make them out to be.

Still, speculative reports by the Congressional Budget Office in 2014 indicate that America needs to cut back its debts in general. In 2011, the CBO said that “The nation cannot continue to sustain the spending programs and policies of the past with the tax revenues it has been accustomed to paying. Citizens will either have to pay more for their government, accept less in government services and benefits, or both.”

The United States has been in a form of public debt ever since its creation – it’s the debt as a percentage of GDP that worries economists. As for Mainland China’s ownership of public debt? Many economists dismiss concerns that are raised in that area. In fact, the Department of Defense agreed with this in 2012, when they made a report to analyze the national security risks that U.S. government debt held by China might raise. In that report, the Department of Defense wrote that “attempting to use U.S. Treasury securities as a coercive tool would have limited effect and likely would do more harm to China than to the United States.”

The situation is more complicated than you might expect – so we’ve taken the liberty of mapping out US foreign debts! Using this infographic, you can see which countries owe the U.S. money, which countries the U.S. owes money to, and the total amounts. We’ve also broken down the “difference between actors,” which represents the difference between how much America owes and how much it’s owed. Get the facts for yourself right here!

Contents

    Debts Owed to vs. Debts Owed by the U.S. (2024)

    FAQs

    Who or what is the national debt owed to? ›

    Investors in Japan and China hold significant shares of U.S. public debt. Together, as of December 2023, they accounted for nearly $2 trillion, or about 7 percent of DHBP. While China's holdings of U.S. debt have declined over the past decade, Japan's purchases of U.S. Treasury securities remain comparable.

    What is the difference between the US total debt and the US deficit? ›

    To pay for a deficit, the federal government borrows money by selling Treasury bonds , bills , and other securities. The national debt is the accumulation of this borrowing along with associated interest owed to the investors who purchased these securities.

    Is the national debt relief program legit? ›

    Is National Debt Relief legit? National Debt Relief is an accredited member of the American Association for Debt Resolution (AADR). It has been around since 2009 and has helped over 600,000 individuals reduce their debt. It also has an A+ rating from the BBB (Better Business Bureau).

    What country owes the US the most money? ›

    As of April 2024, the five countries owning the most US debt are Japan ($1.1 trillion), China ($749.0 billion), the United Kingdom ($690.2 billion), Luxembourg ($373.5 billion), and Canada ($328.7 billion).

    Who does the US pay debt to? ›

    Economists use the ratio of debt to a nation's gross domestic product as an indicator of a country's financial sustainability. The national debt in the United States is primarily held by the American public, followed by foreign governments, U.S. banks, and investors. Treasury.gov.

    Who owns US national debt? ›

    Ownership of the Debt

    The Debt Held by the Public is all federal debt held by individuals, corporations, state or local governments, Federal Reserve Banks, foreign governments, and other entities outside the United States Government less Federal Financing Bank securities.

    How much does the US owe China? ›

    China is one of the United States's largest creditors, owning about $859.4 billion in U.S. debt. It doesn't own the most U.S. debt of any foreign country, however. Nations borrowing from each other may be as old as the concept of money.

    Why does the US have so much national debt? ›

    One of the main culprits is consistently overspending. When the federal government spends more than its budget, it creates a deficit. In the fiscal year of 2023, it spent about $381 billion more than it collected in revenues. To pay that deficit, the government borrows money.

    What country is in the most debt? ›

    In terms of raw dollars, the country with the highest debt in the world is unquestionably the United States, whose national debt is more than twice that of any other country.

    What is the current US national debt today? ›

    What is the national debt? The national debt ($35.27 T) is the total amount of outstanding borrowing by the U.S. Federal Government accumulated over the nation's history. Updated daily from the Debt to the Penny dataset.

    What is the disadvantage of national debt relief? ›

    Interest and fees continue to accrue: Until you enter a settlement agreement, you'll accrue additional interest and late fees on your debt. If you don't stick with the program to completion, or if the debt settlement company can't negotiate a settlement, you may end up with an overall higher balance.

    Who has the best debt relief program? ›

    Best Debt Relief Companies for September 2024
    • Best Overall for Debt Settlement, Best for Credit Card Debt, Best for Low Fees: National Debt Relief.
    • Best for Tax Debt Relief: CuraDebt.
    • Best for Customer Service: Accredited Debt Relief.
    • Best for Customer Satisfaction and Reputation: New Era Debt Solutions.
    Sep 4, 2024

    What country has no debt? ›

    Singapore is one of Asia's major financial centers. It is also one of the most prosperous countries on the planet. And all this has been achieved without taking on any meaningful public debt. In fact, very much like Norway, Singapore has more assets than debt.

    Can the US get out of debt? ›

    Eliminating the U.S. government's debt is a Herculean task that could take decades. In addition to obvious steps, such as hiking taxes and slashing spending, the government could take a number of other approaches, some of them unorthodox and even controversial.

    What country owns most of the United States? ›

    Which countries own the most land in the U.S.?
    • CANADA. 31%
    • Other. 28%
    • NETHERLANDS. 12%
    • ITALY. 7%
    • UNITED KINGDOM. 6%
    • GERMANY. 6%
    • PORTUGAL. 3.6%
    • FRANCE. 3.2%
    Mar 29, 2024

    Why does the US borrow money from China? ›

    Chinese loans to the U.S., through the purchase of U.S. debt, enable the U.S. to buy Chinese products. It's a win-win situation for both nations, with both benefiting mutually. China has a huge market for its products, and the U.S. benefits from the economic prices of Chinese goods.

    Who profits from the national debt? ›

    Debt held by the public, which excludes any debt owed to other U.S. government agencies, is money the U.S. Treasury has borrowed from outside lenders through financial markets. The interest on this debt is paid to individuals, businesses, pension and mutual funds, state and local governments, and foreign entities.

    Which country is in the most debt? ›

    In terms of raw dollars, the country with the highest debt in the world is unquestionably the United States, whose national debt is more than twice that of any other country.

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