Croesus | Wealthy Ruler, Wealthy Kingdom & Wealthy Empire (2024)

Croesus | Wealthy Ruler, Wealthy Kingdom & Wealthy Empire (1)

king of Lydia

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Quick Facts

Died:
c. 546 bc
Title / Office:
king (546BC-560BC), Lydia

Croesus (died c. 546 bc) was the last king of Lydia (reigned c. 560–546), who was renowned for his great wealth. He conquered the Greeks of mainland Ionia (on the west coast of Anatolia) and was in turn subjugated by the Persians.

A member of the Mermnad dynasty, Croesus succeeded to the throne of his father, Alyattes, after a struggle with his half brother. Croesus is said to have acted as viceroy and commander in chief before his father’s death. He completed the conquest of mainland Ionia by capturing Ephesus and other cities in western Anatolia. Lack of sea power forced him to form alliances with, rather than conquer, the islanders of Ionia. His wealth was proverbial, and he made a number of rich gifts to the oracle at Delphi.

Croesus | Wealthy Ruler, Wealthy Kingdom & Wealthy Empire (2)

Britannica Quiz

Kings and Emperors (Part III) Quiz

After the overthrow of the Median empire by the Persians under the Achaemenian Cyrus II the Great (550), Croesus found himself confronted by the rising power of a Persian empire. The Lydian king formed a coalition with Nabonidus of Babylon, and Egypt and Sparta promised to send troops. Taking the initiative, Croesus invaded Cappadocia, a region of eastern Anatolia. After what was evidently an inconclusive battle at Pteria, he returned to his capital, Sardis, to gather the forces of the confederacy. Cyrus pursued him, caught him completely by surprise, and stormed the city (546).

Croesus’ subsequent fate is recounted in several ancient sources. According to the Greek poet Bacchylides, Croesus tried to burn himself on a funeral pyre but was captured. Herodotus claims that the King, condemned by Cyrus to be burned alive, was saved by the god Apollo and eventually accompanied Cyrus’ successor, Cambyses II, to Egypt. The Greek-born Persian doctor Ctesias says Croesus subsequently became attached to the court of Cyrus and received the governorship of Barene in Media.

One of the most famous tales concerning Croesus is Herodotus’ account of the (fictitious) meeting of Croesus with the Athenian lawgiver Solon. Solon was said to have lectured his host on how good fortune, not wealth, was the basis of happiness.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Croesus | Wealthy Ruler, Wealthy Kingdom & Wealthy Empire (2024)

FAQs

How did Croesus become wealthy? ›

So, it is said that King Croesus used this gold to amass his fortune. However, the reality is that Croesus' wealth came from the exploitation of gold and silver mines in his territories, as well as from the collection of tributes. King Croesus was one of the first to mint gold and silver coins.

What question did Croesus ask Solon? ›

When the wise man Solon comes to visit his kingdom, Croesus asks Solon if he had ever seen greater opulence than his own. Solon replies that birds like peaco*cks are incomparable in their beauty. Croesus disagrees, and he tries to impress Solon with a list of vanquished foes and claimed territories.

Why do we say rich as Croesus? ›

Very wealthy, as in They're rich as Croesus, with their penthouse, yacht, and horses . This term alludes to Croesus, the legendary King of Lydia and supposedly the richest man on earth. The simile was first recorded in English in 1577.

What is the story of Croesus about? ›

Croesus was the magnificently wealthy ruler of the Lydian Kingdom during the middle of the sixth century B.C. His extravagant riches made him famous, but even he could not escape hubris, destroying his own kingdom and forcibly joining the ambitious Persian Empire around 547 B.C. Years later, Herodotus would recount his ...

What was King Croesus known for? ›

Croesus (died c. 546 bc) was the last king of Lydia (reigned c. 560–546), who was renowned for his great wealth. He conquered the Greeks of mainland Ionia (on the west coast of Anatolia) and was in turn subjugated by the Persians.

How did the wealthy get their money? ›

The great wealth of America's richest people came from the businesses they created, not inherited wealth. Billionaires' wealth is concentrated in company stock, and their companies' value lies mostly in ideas and processes, not cash and physical property.

Did Solon really meet Croesus? ›

According to Herodotus, Solon, the Athenian lawmaker, spent ten years 'sailing forth to see the world', before meeting with Croesus in Sardis.

What did Solon do to the poor? ›

Solon's economic reforms included seisachtheia, the “shaking of burden” of poor Athenian farmers indebted to the rich into what was effectively a form of serfdom and turned them to small landholders. His reforms also made economic idleness a crime and mandated that fathers had to teach their sons a trade.

What did Solon do to slavery? ›

Solon's Social and Political Reforms

Solon also released those in debt slavery and banned offering one's own body or those of family members as security for a loan or rent. In addition, Solon granted amnesty to those who had fled into exile because of their indebtedness.

Is it a sin to be rich or wealthy? ›

In this light, wealth is not inherently sinful but requires a godly attitude of stewardship. Jesus addresses the dangers of wealth in Mark 10:23–25, where He remarks on the difficulty for the rich to enter the kingdom of God.

What happened to King Croesus? ›

Croesus's fate after the Persian conquest of Lydia is uncertain: Herodotus, the poet Bacchylides and Nicolaus of Damascus claimed that Croesus either tried to commit suicide on a pyre or was condemned by the Persians to be burnt at the stake until a thunderstorm's rain water extinguished the fire after either his or ...

How do you use rich as Croesus in a sentence? ›

He may be nearly as rich as Croesus, but that's still not rich enough for him.

Why did the gods punish Croesus? ›

After Solon had gone away a dreadful vengeance, sent by God, came upon Croesus, to punish him, it is likely, for thinking he was the happiest of men.

What did Croesus ask the oracle? ›

Now he asks you this: should he make war against the Persians, and should he look for any allies to help him?" The responses of both oracles to these questions were the same: each prophesied that if Croesus fought against the Persians, he would bring down a mighty empire.

What were the riches of Croesus? ›

Solon was given a tour of the palace where he saw all the gold, the silver, the precious stones, and other vast riches that Croesus possessed. Afterwards, the confident king asked his wise visitor whom he considered to be “blessed beyond all men.” The answer probably surprised and even annoyed the Lydian king.

How did the Greeks become rich? ›

The ancient Greek people exported goods such as olive oil, wine, and pottery vases called amphorae. All of these goods were valuable and required specific skills and resources to produce. In order to ensure that merchants could standardize the price for the goods that they traded, the Greek people started using coins.

How did King Solomon become so wealthy? ›

King Solomon was made rich through commerce, trading, gifts he received, tribute money paid to him and heavy taxation.

Who was the richest Persian king? ›

Between the two, Xerxes was the wealthier king. It's because he had access to more resources and wealth than Artaxerxes. Xerxes was also better able to control and manage his finances, which allowed him to amass a tremendous fortune.

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