As a matter of tax law, expenses required to purchase a property are not tax deductible, they are adjustments to the cost (cost basis). For example, if you paid $100,000 for a house and you were also required to pay $1000 in county transfer taxes and deed recording fees, you would consider your purchase price to be $101,000. This is not a tax deduction at the time of purchase but may reduce your taxable gains when you sell.
However, this only applies to costs that you paid or would have paid even if you paid with cash. Costs that you only paid because of a mortgage are not adjustments to basis and are not deductible, except for mortgage interest. Other expenses of getting a mortgage are simply not deductible or allowed as a tax break, that's the law.
Property taxes are considered paid by you to the taxing authority (local government) for the period of time that you owned the home, even if you did not pay them directly to the local government.
See below for my previous explanation.
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Your closing statement may show a property tax adjustment. For example, suppose property taxes are paid in February for the Jan-Dec year, and you buy the house in July. Because the seller paid a full year of taxes, you give the seller a credit at closing for the taxes that cover the days that you will own the home. You can deduct those taxes as if you paid them directly to the city or county, even if they are not on your 1098.
Your closing statement may have daily interest. For example, if you closed on July 28, you paid 3 days of interest (to the end of July). Then your regular mortgage interest payments started with your September regular payment. If that daily interest is not already included on your 1098 (you have to check this yourself), you can add that daily interest as "interest not on a 1098", with the name of the closing bank or agent.
If you paid points, they may be deductible as additional interest. Points are a form of advanced interestyou pay to get a lower interest rate overall. To be deductible, points must be a percentage of the loan amount (not the selling price) and must not be allocated by the bank to any other specific fee or service, such as the appraisal, application fee, underwriting fee, and so on. There is a points interview in Turbotax, and the concept is discussed in detail in publication 936.
https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p936.pdf
Some other closing costs are adjustments to your cost and are counted as increasing the purchase price, which may reduce your capital gains when you sell, but is not a tax deduction now. And some closing costs are neither an adjustment to basis or otherwise deductible. You just pay them and get no benefit. A discussion of this issue is found in publication 523 on page 8.
