API keys: Weaknesses and security best practices | TechTarget (2024)

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Part of:How to start securing APIs

API keys are not a replacement for API security. They only offer a first step in authentication -- and they require additional security measures to keep them protected.

With the popularity of APIs comes the question of their security. If APIs leak data or can be an entry point for an attack, what good is the security strategy of the applications they connect to?

Attackers are constantly looking for potential weakness in APIs to target -- with one potential avenue being API keys.

Let's look at what API keys are, their security vulnerabilities and how to secure them.

What is an API key?

An API key is a unique code that identifies and verifies that applications or end users calling an API are authorized to request access to that API -- thus providing a first level of authentication. Depending on the type of API key, it can limit access to only authorized users, identify usage patterns, rate-limit traffic and block or throttle calls made to an API.

API keys are the first step in the authentication process. They identify whether calls submitted to the API are valid, confirming the identities of requestors and ensuring they have the permission to request access. API keys provide limited authentication capabilities, however, and shouldn't be used as the sole authentication method.

API key security weaknesses

It is important to note that API keys have their own set of vulnerabilities, which could be potentially exploited. API key weaknesses include the following:

  • API keys are rarely initially encrypted. API keys are often generated and stored in plaintext, making it possible for malicious actors to steal them if no further encryption occurs.
  • Secure storage is lacking. Once an end user receives an API key, they must securely store it. This may include using a secrets manager, local device storage or -- worse yet -- writing it down on a Post-it note at their workstation.
  • Third party-created API keys aren't secure by default. Organizations can use third-party services to create, issue and distribute API keys. Third parties, however, often do not provide security features, leaving API key protection and encryption to software developers.
  • API keys lack granular controls. API keys do not provide granular levels of control. End users who have more detailed access rights and permissions for an API, for example, are not recognized by an API key.

How to secure API keys

Despite their weaknesses, API keys are necessary components in API use. They, therefore, require careful management and security measures. To ensure API key security, adhere to the following best practices:

  • Don't store API keys within the code or the application's source tree. To streamline the overall security of a web application, software developers sometimes embed API keys into the code itself. If the API's or application's source code gets posted to a public repository, such as GitHub, the API key is publicly exposed.
  • Securely store API keys. Create an environment variable to store API keys in. Storing an API key as an environment variable keeps it from being revealed if the source code gets uploaded to a public repository. Developers can also store API keys in secure files outside the application's source tree or use a secrets management service.
  • Rotate API keys. API keys don't change or expire until their owner purposefully deletes them. Constantly rotate API keys to reduce potential vulnerabilities if exposed. Create a security policy that requires changing API keys every 30, 60 or 90 days. Many compliance regulations and frameworks, such as ISO 27001, require regular key rotation.
  • Delete unused API keys. Alongside rotating keys, delete unused or unneeded API keys to prevent malicious actors from using them in an attack.

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Part of: How to start securing APIs

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API keys: Weaknesses and security best practicesAPI keys are not a replacement for API security. They only offer a first step in authentication -- and they require additional security measures to keep them protected.
API keys: Weaknesses and security best practices | TechTarget (2024)

FAQs

API keys: Weaknesses and security best practices | TechTarget? ›

API keys are generally not considered secure; they are typically accessible to clients, making it easy for someone to steal an API key. Once the key is stolen, it has no expiration, so it may be used indefinitely, unless the project owner revokes or regenerates the key.

What are the security best practices for API keys? ›

  • Always use a unique API key for each team member on your account. ...
  • Never deploy your key in client-side environments like browsers or mobile apps. ...
  • Never commit your key to your repository. ...
  • Use Environment Variables in place of your API key. ...
  • Use a Key Management Service.

Is an API key enough security? ›

API keys are generally not considered secure; they are typically accessible to clients, making it easy for someone to steal an API key. Once the key is stolen, it has no expiration, so it may be used indefinitely, unless the project owner revokes or regenerates the key.

What are the disadvantages of API keys? ›

Lack of user context: API keys do not provide user-specific authentication, making it challenging to track and manage individual user access. This limitation can be problematic in scenarios where user-level authorization is required.

What is the best practice for API key rotation? ›

How often should you rotate API keys? As a best practice, you should rotate API keys at least every 90 days.

How do you handle API keys securely? ›

Best Practices to Secure API Keys
  1. Avoid Direct Storage in Code. ...
  2. Secure Storage Solutions. ...
  3. Regular Rotation and Deletion. ...
  4. Monitor and Limit Usage. ...
  5. Granular Access Control. ...
  6. Avoid Client-Side Exposure. ...
  7. Educate and Train Development Teams. ...
  8. Implementing Authorization & Authentication.
Oct 17, 2023

Which two methods are API security best practices? ›

How to secure an API
  • Implement authentication methods: Implement authentication mechanisms such as OAuth, API keys, or tokens. ...
  • Encrypt communications: Transmit data over HTTPS to encrypt data during transit, safeguarding it from eavesdropping and tampering.
Aug 30, 2024

What makes a good API key? ›

A good practice is to systematically create two keys for any API, a primary and a secondary. By implementing this pattern, it is possible to rotate the two keys in two steps without getting any errors.

Should I restrict my API key? ›

Restrict your API keys to be used by only the IP addresses, referrer URLs, and mobile apps that need them: By restricting the IP addresses, referrer URLs, and mobile apps that can use each key, you can reduce the impact of a compromised API key.

Should API keys be stored encrypted? ›

They should be hashed and/or encrypted first before being stored. This would ensure the keys cannot be used, even if someone malicious gained access to your database. Encryption and hashing are both ways to transform data into a series of different characters for security purposes.

What is the weakness of API? ›

APIs can be vulnerable to a wide range of security risks, which can lead to data breaches, unauthorized access, and other forms of abuse. Why hackers love APIs: Hackers love APIs because they often hold the keys to a lot of valuable information. If not properly secured, APIs can potentially expose sensitive data.

What happens if an API key is compromised? ›

If you suspect that your API key may be compromised, we recommend revoking the key immediately. You can do so by logging into your Anthropic account, going to the API keys page from your profile, clicking the meatball menu (i.e. the three horizontal dots) next to the key in question, and selecting 'Delete API Key. '

Can we use API without API key? ›

Luckily, there's APIs with zero authentication requirements. An API without a key is perfect for beginners and web developers looking to access sample data sets for their apps without restrictions.

How do I secure API keys on client side? ›

Client-side API keys can access only a limited set of Iterable's API endpoints. However, since you can't prevent malicious users from accessing API keys stored in client-side code, it's a best practice to require JWT authentication for client-side API key, since it provides an additional layer of security.

How long is the API key best practices? ›

API Key Best Practices

Key Length: An API key is generally more secure if it is longer. You can consider using a key length of about 32 characters, as it is more difficult for attackers to guess. Rate Limiting: Rate limiting can help to prevent the abuse of your API.

What is the risk of not rotating API keys? ›

API keys should be rotated to ensure that data cannot be accessed with an old key that might have been lost, cracked, or stolen. 'Regenerating Key' may break existing client connectivity as the client will try to connect with older API keys they have stored on devices.

What is the most secure method to transmit an API key? ›

Don't share API keys through email. Always use HTTPS/SSL for your API requests — some APIs won't field your request if you're not using it.

Which way should be used to safely the API key? ›

Do not store API keys in files inside your application's source tree: If you store API keys in files, keep the files outside your application's source tree to help ensure your keys do not end up in your source code control system.

What is API security standards? ›

It is used in the transfer of information between computers. It uses XML signatures and Security Assertion Markup (SAML) tokens to authenticate and authorize messages that get transferred. In this way, it provides API keys that prevent attackers from gaining access.

How do I create a secure API key? ›

To generate a platform API key:
  1. Log in to the web client.
  2. From the toolbar, click your avatar.
  3. Click Profile and settings.
  4. Click API key > Generate new key.
  5. Click Generate.
  6. Click Copy and save your key somewhere safe. You cannot recover this key if you lose it.

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