An Unexpected Benefit of Student Loan Forgiveness: A Better Credit Score (2024)

Several student loan forgiveness programs exist, including Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Teacher Loan Forgiveness, and the newly implemented Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) plan. Loan forgiveness doesn't remove accounts from a credit report. Instead, the loans will be paid in full, and a borrower's debt-to-income (DTI) ratio will improve.

If a borrower defaults on a federal loan, President Biden’s Fresh Start program can potentially remove the default from their credit report, and defaulted loans would show “in repayment,” which can also increase your score.

Key Takeaways

  • With student loan forgiveness, a borrower's debt history remains on their credit report.
  • Loan forgiveness programs include Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), and Teacher Loan Forgiveness.
  • Borrowers can remove inaccuracies from their credit reports related to student loans to improve their credit.

Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

Several types of student loan forgiveness programs apply only to federal student loans and include:

  • Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF): Under PSLF, federal loan borrowers can qualify for debt forgiveness if they work full-time for a nonprofit organization or government agency for at least ten years and make 120 qualifying monthly payments.
  • Teacher Loan Forgiveness: Those who teach in low-income schools or education service agencies for at least five consecutive academic years can qualify for up to $17,500 of federal loan forgiveness.
  • Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) Forgiveness: With IDR plans, borrowers may qualify for reduced payment based on their discretionary incomes. If the borrower still has a balance at the end of the repayment term, the remainder is then forgiven.There are currently four IDR plans: the Pay As You Earn (PAYE) plan, the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan, the Income Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan, and the SAVE plan.

In August 2023, President Biden unveiled the SAVE Plan, which replaces the older REPAYE plan. SAVE is an IDR plan that calculates a monthly payment based on income and family size, eliminates the need for a spousal co-signer, and excludes compounding of unpaid interest as payments are made. In addition, loans are eligible for forgiveness after 10, 20, or 25 years, depending on the original loan amount and time spent making payments.

On July 18, 2024, a federal appeals court blocked the SAVE plan until two court cases centered around the IDR plan could be resolved. The Department of Education has moved borrowers enrolled in the SAVE Plan into an interest-free forbearance while the litigation is ongoing.

It has also outlined options for borrowers who were nearing Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)—borrowers can either "buy back" months of PSLF credit if they reach 120 months of payments while in forbearance or switch to a different IDR plan.

Student Loan Default

Not paying student loans can lead to default. With private loans, default can begin after missing a payment for 90 days, and with federal loans, after 270 days. The consequences of default can be severe, particularly with federal student loan debt. Under normal circ*mstances, the federal government can garnish wages and seize tax refunds.

The default is reported to the credit bureaus, and the record of late payments will likely stay on a borrower's credit reports for up to seven years. Borrowers who see inaccuracies related to a student loan should investigate the errors to improve their credit.

Fresh Start Program

Under President Biden’s Fresh Start program, borrowers with federal student loans in default could drastically improve their credit. Defaulted student loans would be removed from the credit report, and the loans would appear on a credit report as “in repayment.”

Private student loans are not eligible for forgiveness. The only way to remove the default is to pay the accounts off in full. Borrowers can use a creditworthy co-signer to pay off the loans and refinance the loans with another lender.

Borrowers must contact their student loan servicers to apply for the Fresh Start program. The deadline to apply is Sept. 30, 2024. Sign up online at myeddebt.ed.gov or call 1-800-621-3115.

How Student Loan Forgiveness Affects a Credit Score

The impact of student loan forgiveness depends greatly on a borrower's unique credit profile. Some may see a slight dip, but forgiveness will have a net positive effect for most.

  • Defaulted loans: Under the Fresh Start program, defaulted student loans are removed from credit reports and listed as “in repayment.”
  • Credit mix: Those who qualify for loan forgiveness may see their scores drop by a few points if the student loan was their only installment loan, as their credit mix (i.e., the different types of credit accounts they have) accounts for 10% of their FICO Score.
  • Age of credit: The length of a borrower's credit history makes up 15% of their credit score. If the student loan is the oldest account, paying it off can lower a score.
  • Amounts owed: When your student loan balance decreases, your credit utilization ratio drops, helping your score. Credit utilization accounts for 30% of a credit score.

Credit Report Disputes

Part of good credit hygiene is checking your report regularly to ensure the information is accurate, since errors may drag your score down. For example, look for student loans that you repaid, but that haven't been closed, or if you are using the Fresh Start program, check to make sure your loans are now listed as in repayment. Borrowers cannot remove accurate information, but if there are errors on a credit report, you can dispute those inaccuracies and have them removed. You can file a dispute online with each of the major credit bureaus:

Borrowers can also send a dispute letter to their loan servicer. The letter should include the loan's name and account information with inaccuracies and details about why it should be removed. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has a sample letter available to borrowers.

Does a Statute of Limitations Apply to Student Loans?

A creditor has a specific period to sue for money owed. After that period, the statute of limitations is met, and the borrower can no longer be pursued for repayment using legal means. Statutes of limitations are generally three to six years in length. Student loans, however, are different. In 1991, Congress removed the statute of limitations for federal education loans, which was previously six years. This means student loan servicers can pursue delinquent borrowers until a debt is brought into good standing or, in rare cases, discharged through bankruptcy.

How Long Does it Take to Forgive a Student Loan?

To qualify for loan forgiveness, borrowers can apply through a program like PSLF, Teacher Loan Forgiveness, or an income-based plan. Borrowers must meet the program criteria and complete the necessary service requirements, which can take several years.

Where Can Borrowers View Their Student Loans?

To determine student loan information and status, borrowers should log into their Federal Student Aid account to view their financial aid dashboard and history. Borrowers can also contact the Federal Student Aid Information Center at 1-800-433-3243 or view their credit report at AnnualCreditReport.com.

The Bottom Line

Although loan forgiveness can impact a credit score, the effect is often temporary. And for borrowers with federal student loans in default, the Fresh Start program could give them a clean slate, removing the default from their credit reports.

An Unexpected Benefit of Student Loan Forgiveness: A Better Credit Score (2024)

FAQs

Does student loan forgiveness help your credit score? ›

Loan forgiveness doesn't remove accounts from a credit report. Instead, the loans will be paid in full, and a borrower's debt-to-income (DTI) ratio will improve.

What are the positive effects of student loan forgiveness? ›

When debt burdens are lifted, student borrowers can start new businesses and in turn, create job opportunities for others. They can buy homes for the first time in their lives, pay down other debts such as their credit card bills, and have less reliance on social safety net programs.

Does credit forgiveness affect your credit? ›

Downsides of debt forgiveness

However, there are some negative repercussions to consider: Credit score decrease: Debt forgiveness may negatively affect credit scores, making obtaining future loans or credit challenging.

Does paying off a student loan raise credit score? ›

Making all of your student loan payments on time can help raise your credit score. As you pay off your loan, you lower your total debt, which can also improve your credit. Conversely, making late payments on your student loans will likely damage your credit score.

What is the downside to student loan forgiveness? ›

Individuals who receive debt forgiveness would have more disposable income to afford basic necessities, purchase homes or even start their own businesses. However, debt forgiveness could encourage future students to take on more debt or encourage some universities to charge more for tuition, Jones said.

Why did my student loan disappear from my credit report? ›

Why did my student loans disappear from my credit report? Your student loan disappeared from your credit report because your loan servicer made a mistake, or you fell into default more than 7 years ago. Remember, even if your loans no longer appear on your credit report, you're still legally obligated to repay them.

Who benefits from student debt forgiveness? ›

All borrowers on SAVE receive forgiveness after 20 or 25 years, depending on whether they have loans for graduate school. The benefit is based upon the original principal balance of all Federal loans borrowed to attend school, not what a borrower currently owes or the amount of an individual loan.

Why is student loan forgiveness bad for the economy? ›

Summing the likely consumption effects of the Administration's student debt relief and SAVE programs results in billions of dollars in additional consumption annually.

Why are people against student loan forgiveness? ›

Student loan forgiveness is regressive, inequitable, and it will not stimulate the economy. Instead, it will create an incentive for students to accumulate more debt and award as much as $192 billion to the top 20 percent of income earners.

What is a good credit score? ›

There are some differences around how the various data elements on a credit report factor into the score calculations. Although credit scoring models vary, generally, credit scores from 660 to 724 are considered good; 725 to 759 are considered very good; and 760 and up are considered excellent.

What happens after 850 credit score? ›

Your 850 FICO® Score is nearly perfect and will be seen as a sign of near-flawless credit management. Your likelihood of defaulting on your bills will be considered extremely low, and you can expect lenders to offer you their best deals, including the lowest-available interest rates.

Can forgiven debt be removed from credit report? ›

How to Remove Canceled Debt From Your Credit Report. In general, you can't get discharged debt removed from your credit report unless the information is inaccurate. In that case, you have the right to file a dispute with the credit reporting agencies.

How to get 800 credit score? ›

Making on-time payments to creditors, keeping your credit utilization low, having a long credit history, maintaining a good mix of credit types, and occasionally applying for new credit lines are the factors that can get you into the 800 credit score club.

What is the highest credit score? ›

And when it comes to credit, 850 is the highest the FICO® Score scale goes. For more and more U.S. consumers, practice is making perfect. According to recent Experian data, 1.54% of consumers have a "perfect" FICO® Score of 850. That's up from 1.31% two years earlier.

Is 750 a good credit score? ›

When your score is 750, you're in a strong position to qualify for most financial products and get among the very best rates on them. A 750 credit score is considered excellent on commonly used FICO and VantageScore scales, which range from 300 to 850.

Does student loan contribute to credit score? ›

From a long-term financial point of view, student loan repayments do not directly affect your credit score. This is because they won't show up in your credit report as they're deducted from your future income automatically with a fixed percentage after graduation.

What happens when your student loans are forgiven? ›

Once the loan forgiveness plan kicks in, the credit bureaus may delete any delinquent payments from your report. As a result, you could actually see a bump in your credit score. It's important to keep an eye on your credit report once you receive confirmation that you were approved for student debt relief.

Does student loan forbearance affect credit score? ›

If your student loan is placed in forbearance, that may be noted on your credit report, but it should not impact your credit scores.

Do student loans affect credit utilization? ›

Student loan debt may impact your installment loan utilization (and it may impact your debt-to-income ratio if a lender calculates that data element). Student loans are unlike revolving credit utilization, like a credit card or line of credit, which are accounts that have a credit limit.

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