aes-cipher (2024)

Introduction

AES cipher is a library to encrypt/decrypt using AES256-CBC. It is possible to encrypt/decrypt both files and raw data (string or bytes).

1. A master key and IV are derived from the given password and (optionally) salt using a key derivation function. The key derivation function can be chosen among the provided ones:

   • PBKDF2-SHA512
   • Scrypt

   Alternatively, it can also be customized by the user by simply implementing the IKeyDerivator interface.
   Salt is randomly generated (16-byte long) if not specified.

2. A random key and IV are generated and used to encrypt the actual data. In this way, if the same file is encrypted with the same password multiple times, the encrypted file will always be different.

3. The random key and IV are encrypted with the master key and IV

4. HMAC-SHA256 of the encrypted key/IV and file data is computed to ensure integrity, using the master key as key

It is possible to specify either a single password or a list of passwords.In the last case, the file will be encrypted multiple times with a different password each time.

Installation

The package requires Python >= 3.7.
To install it:

• Using setuptools:

  See Also

  Implementing RSA Encryption and Decryption in PythonPython security best practices cheat sheet | SnykWhat is the maximum file size we can open using Python?Best Practices for Storing X.509 Private Keys

   python setup.py install

• Using pip:

   pip install aes_cipher

To run tests:

python -m unittest discover

Or you can install tox:

pip install tox

And then simply run tox:

tox

This will run code coverage with different Python versions and perform style and code analysis.
For quick test:

tox -e unittest

APIs

Key derivation

Pbkdf2Sha512 class: derive keys using PBKDF2-SHA512 algorithm

• Pbkdf2Sha512(itr_num): construct the class
  • itr_num: iterations number

For default values, the Pbkdf2Sha512Default class instance can be used:

Pbkdf2Sha512Default = Pbkdf2Sha512(512 * 1024)

Scrypt class: derive keys using Scrypt algorithm

• Scrypt(n, p, r): construct the class
  • n: CPU/Memory cost parameter
  • p: block size parameter
  • r: parallelization parameter

For default values, the ScryptDefault class instance can be used:

ScryptDefault = Scrypt(16384, 8, 8)

To add a custom key derivation function, the IKeyDerivator interface shall be implemented:

class IKeyDerivator(ABC): @abstractmethod def DeriveKey(self, password: Union[str, bytes], salt: Union[str, bytes]) -> bytes: pass

The only requirement is that the output of the DeriveKey method is at least 48-byte long.
A constructor can be added to customize the algorithm.

Encryption

DataEncrypter class: encrypt bytes or string data

• DataEncrypter(key_derivator): construct the class
  • key_derivator: key derivator to be used for master key and IV generation, it shall be an instance of the IKeyDerivator interface. Default value: Pbkdf2Sha512Default.
• DataEncrypter.Encrypt(data, passwords [, salts]): encrypt data with the specified passwords and salts
  • data: input data (string or bytes)
  • passwords: list of passwords (list of strings)
  • salts (optional): list of salts (list of strings). The number of salts shall be the same of the passwords. If not specified, salts will be randomly generated (16-byte long).
• DataEncrypter.GetEncryptedData(): get encrypted data (bytes)

FileEncrypter class: encrypt a file

• FileEncrypter(key_derivator): construct the class
  • key_derivator: see DataEncrypter constructor
• FileEncrypter.Encrypt(file_in, passwords [, salts]): encrypt file with the specified passwords and salts
  • file_in: input file
  • passwords: see DataEncrypter.Encrypt
  • salts: see DataEncrypter.Encrypt
• FileEncrypter.GetEncryptedData(): get encrypted data (bytes)
• FileEncrypter.SaveTo(file_out): save to file
  • file_out: output file to be saved

Decryption

DataDecrypter class: decrypt bytes or string data

• DataDecrypter(key_derivator): construct the class
  • key_derivator: key derivator to be used for master key and IV generation, it shall be an instance of the IKeyDerivator interface. Default value: Pbkdf2Sha512Default.
• DataDecrypter.Decrypt(data, passwords): decrypt data with the specified passwords
  • data: input data (string or bytes)
  • passwords: see DataEncrypter.Encrypt
• DataDecrypter.GetDecryptedData(): get decrypted data (bytes)

FileDecrypter class: decrypt a file

• FileDecrypter(key_derivator): construct the class
  • key_derivator: see DataDecrypter constructor
• FileDecrypter.Decrypt(file_in, passwords)
  • file_in: input file
  • passwords: see DataDecrypter.Decrypt
• FileDecrypter.GetDecryptedData(): get decrypted data (bytes)
• FileDecrypter.SaveTo(file_out): save to file
  • file_out: output file to be saved

Examples

Data encryption with single password and random salt, using PBKDF2-SHA512 algorithm with default values:

data_encrypter = DataEncrypter(Pbkdf2Sha512Default)data_encrypter.Encrypt(data, "test_pwd")enc_data = data_encrypter.GetEncryptedData()

Data encryption with single password and custom salt, using PBKDF2-SHA512 algorithm with custom values:

data_encrypter = DataEncrypter( Pbkdf2Sha512(1024 * 1024))data_encrypter.Encrypt(data, ["test_pwd"], ["test_salt"])enc_data = data_encrypter.GetEncryptedData()

Data encryption with multiple passwords and custom salts, using Scrypt algorithm with default values:

data_encrypter = DataEncrypter(ScryptDefault)data_encrypter.Encrypt(data, ["test_pwd_1", "test_pwd_2"], ["test_salt_1", "test_salt_2"])enc_data = data_encrypter.GetEncryptedData()

Data decryption with single password and random salt:

data_decrypter = DataDecrypter()data_decrypter.Decrypt(data, ["test_pwd"])dec_data = data_decrypter.GetDecryptedData()

Data decryption with multiple passwords and custom salts:

data_decrypter = DataDecrypter()data_decrypter.Decrypt(data, ["test_pwd_1", "test_pwd_2"], ["test_salt_1", "test_salt_2"])dec_data = data_decrypter.GetDecryptedData()

File encryption with single password and random salt:

file_encrypter = FileEncrypter()file_encrypter.Encrypt(file_in, "test_pwd")file_encrypter.SaveTo(file_out)

Enable logging:

data_encrypter = DataEncrypter()data_encrypter.Logger().SetLevel(logging.INFO)data_decrypter = DataDecrypter()data_decrypter.Logger().SetLevel(logging.INFO)

Sample Application

A sample application based on the library using the PBKDF2-SHA512 algorithm can be found in the app folder.

Basic usage:

python aes_cipher_app.py -m <enc:dec> -p <password1,password2,...> -i <input_files_or_folder> -o <output_folder> [-s <salt1,salt2,...>] [-t <itr_num>] [-v] [-h]

Parameters description:

NOTE: the password shall not contain spaces or commas (in this case it will be interpreted as multiple passwords)

Examples:

• Encrypt a file one time with the given password and salt. If input_file is a folder, all the files inside the folder will be encrypted:

   python aes_cipher_app.py -m enc -p test_pwd -i input_file -o encrypted -s test_salt

• Decrypt the previous file:

   python aes_cipher_app.py -m dec -p test_pwd -i encrypted -o decrypted -s test_salt

• Encrypt multiple files one time with the given password and salt. If one of the input files is a directory, it will be discarded:

   python aes_cipher_app.py -m enc -p test_pwd -i input_file1,input_file2,input_file3 -o encrypted -s test_salt

• Encrypt a file 3 times using 3 passwords with random salts and custom number of iteration:

   python aes_cipher_app.py -m enc -p test_pwd_1,test_pwd_2,test_pwd_3 -t 131072 -i input_file -o encrypted

• Decrypt the previous file:

   python aes_cipher_app.py -m dec -p test_pwd_1,test_pwd_2,test_pwd_3 -t 131072 -i encrypted -o decrypted