401(k) Retirement Calculator (2024)

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Contributing to a 401(k) is one of the best ways to prepare for retirement. Forbes Advisor’s 401(k) calculator can help you understand how much you can save, factoring in your expected age of retirement, total contributions, employer’s matching contributions and rate of return.

401(k) Calculator: Our Assumptions

To get the most out of this 401(k) calculator, we recommend that you input data that reflects your retirement goals and current financial situation. If you don’t have data ready to go, we offer default numbers based on the finances of the average American.

• Contribution percentage: 10%. Retirement experts suggest that you contribute at least 10% of your salary to your 401(k) account, but even this may not be enough for a secure retirement. Fidelity Investments recommends that you should be saving at least 15% of your pre-tax salary for retirement.
• Employer Match: 5%. Many employers choose to match you 401(k) contributions up to certain limits. That means your employer also contributes money to your 401(k) account as a job benefit. According to Fidelity, the average employer match is 4.6%. They may get to that percentage using a dollar-for-dollar contribution or a custom formula that might, for example, match 50% of your contribution amount up to 6% of your total annual salary.
• Annual Salary (pre-tax): $31,000. While your annual salary may be higher or lower, $31,000 is the median income in the U.S. This is a critical piece of information for your 401(k) plan because it’s a benchmark for determining how much you can afford to contribute.
• Annual Salary Increase: 3%. The Social Security Administration estimates that average incomes have risen by this amount each year over the past decade. Your salary may increase more or less than this average, but it’s generally safe to assume your income will keep up with inflation, which historically has grown at a rate of about 2% per year.
• Retirement Age: 66. According to research from Transamerica, this is the median age at which Americans retire.
• Current 401(k) Balance: $0. Hopefully you have more than this saved for retirement already, but for the purposes of this calculator, we set our default to represent someone starting from scratch.
• Annual Rate of Return: 9%. The securities you choose to buy with your retirement savings determine the rate of return on your investments, not to mention the overall performance of the stock market. We’ve assumed that your investments will return an average 9% before you retire, reflecting historical long-term averages of stock portfolios.

Key Retirement Terms

• 401(k). Companies offer this popular option to help employees save for retirement, with contributions deducted from each paycheck. 401(k) plans let you invest in mutual funds and index funds, growing your savings over time. If you work for a non-profit or government organization, you may have a 403(b) or 457(b) instead, which work similarly to 401(k)s and provide nearly identical benefits.
• Contribution limits. You can contribute up to $20,500 to your 401(k) account in 2023, or $27,000 if you’re 50 or older. If you’d like to save even more for retirement, consider opening an individual retirement account (IRA), which gives you another $6,000 in tax-advantaged contributions, or $7,000 if you’re 50 or older.
• Tax-advantaged retirement accounts. Retirement plans like your workplace 401(k) are tax-advantaged accounts, meaning your contributions earn special tax treatment. By allowing you to defer (or avoid entirely) paying taxes on your investments, these accounts, like traditional and Roth 401(k)s, help you grow your balance faster than if you invested with a taxable investment account.
• Compound returns. Reinvesting your returns allows you to earn even greater future returns with compounding. Here’s how it works: If you invest $1,000 and earn a 10% annual return, your balance grows by $100 to $1,100 after the first year. In the second year, assuming the same rate of return, your balance is $1,210, a $110 gain. Over long periods of time, compound growth can exponentially grow your retirement nest egg.
• Retirement age. You may retire whenever you wish, so long as you have enough money set aside. But for the federal government, 62 is the official age when you can claim Social Security benefits. It’s also worth noting that 59 ½ is the age at which you can start making withdrawals from your 401(k) plan free of any IRS penalties.

401(k) FAQs